Studying Mangroves

Water temperature was measured using a thermometer. The pH was determined using a pH meter, and salinity was measured using the handheld TOGA refractors. Mangrove Damage and Recovery Assessment The methods employed In this study were based from Roth (1992) and Taylor et al. (2013) with some modifications. In the island of Butting, seven 100 mm plots were established. The plots established were based on the vegetation types present. L. Species Composition All mangroves rooted within the plots were recorded and Identified In slut. The Handbook of Mangroves in the Philippines – Panky by Primeval et al. 004) and Field Guide to Philippine Mangroves also by Primeval (2009) were used as principal resources in identifying the species. Mangroves were categorized into three: trees, saplings, and seedlings. For Individuals having greater than or equal to 2. 5 CM DAB (girth at breast height, or 1. 3 m above ground level), they were categorized as trees. GHB (CM) of each tree was measured using a measuring tape. For forking or branching stems, measurement was done separately. For the seedlings and saplings, they were only identified and counted.Other observations, such as debris and abstract type, were also noted. II. Recovery Typhoon Impacts on the areas were recorded. Trees wealth the plots were Judged as dead or alive, and assigned to one of three structural impact categories: standing, fallen, or snapped. The approximate height of breakage for snapped trees was also whether well reformatted, poorly reformatted, or dead were recorded. Ill. Regenerative Capacity In assessing the regenerative capacity, the number of seedlings and saplings were monitored every month from February until April 2014. Live and dead plants were noted. Data AnalysesThe forest vegetation was evaluated using the following formula described by Croà »ton teal in 1984. Density was measured species wise and total in each plot as follows: Total density of all species = sum of all species densiti es (2) Basal area was measured species wise and total in each plot as follows: Basal area (mm) of each species = 0. 005 x DAB (7) Importance value of a species = relative density + relative dominance + relative frequency Species diversity was described according to the Shannon index (H) based on importance value of a species (N') and sum of importance value for all the species (N). H = NUN log NUN (10)

Advantages of Internet for Students

Advantages Of Internet For Students Nevertheless, students and teachers have experienced following 10 advantages of Internet. 1. Assortment of Information Lots of information of different kinds is kept on the web server on the Net. This means that millions web sites include various data in the shape of images and text. On every subject of the planet information can be easily collected by you. For this function, special sites, called search engines can be found on the Internet to search data of each and every subject of the planet. . Online Medical Guidance Several web sites will also be on the Web to obtain details about various conditions. You are able to consult with a cell of on-line physicians to obtain guidance about any medical problem. In addition, lots of material can also be on the Web for research in medical industry. 3. Looking for Jobs You are able to search various kinds of jobs throughout their vacant vacancies are advertised by the world, Most of the organizations/depa rtments around the world, on the web.The search engines will also be employed to search the jobs on the web. You are able to make an application for the necessary work through the Web. 4. Communication You are able to keep in touch with other through Internet all over the world. You could speak by seeing to 1 another; only you’re speaking with your pals in your drawing room. For this function, various services are supplied on the Internet such as; speaking, video conferencing, Email and Internet telephone an such like. 5. InformationThe Web enables students to see the most recent news on a particular topic they’re learning. If they’re learning American politics they may do an information search and discover what is happening on the planet of politics at that very time. It will help them link what they’re understanding how to real life. Additionally, it may keep them thinking about a topic. 6. Online Training The facility is provided by the internet to obt ain an online training. Several web sites of different colleges offer lessons and classes on different subjects or subjects.You may also obtain these classes or lessons in your personal computer. You are able to hear these classes repeatedly and obtain a large amount of understanding. It’s very simple and cheap method to get training. 7. Encyclopedia Occasionally, encyclopedia mightn’t constantly be accessible to individuals and so they might have trouble with in getting the use of the actual guides within the selection. If that’s the case, the encyclopedia of various topics on the Web could be useful. 8. Online Railway and Airplane SchedulesToday, railway and several Airline businesses offer their timing of trains and routes respectively on the web. 9. Online Results Today, all of the training boards and colleges present result on the web. Their results can be watched by the students from any kind of nation or world. 10. Advertisement Today, products are advert ised by most of the commercial organizations through Internet. It’s effective and inexpensive method for the marketing of goods. The services and products could be given lovely and attractive method to the people round the world.

Paradise Lost Essay

Paradise Lost is divided into twelve books. In Book I Milton explains the theme of his work, man’s disobedience to God, his expulsion from Heaven and the story of the rebel angels sent to Hell. In Book II the angels meet in council to decide what they will do. In Book III God makes a speech on man’s freedom to choose between good and evil. In Book IV Satan observes the happiness of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. In Book V God sends Raphael to warn Adam. In Book VI the war in Heaven in described. Book VII and VIII tell the story of the creation of the Earth and the universe. In Book IX Satan persuades Adam and Eve to taste the forbidden fruit. In Book X God’s Son pronounces the sentence of expulsion. In the last two books Adam and Eve abandon paradise. Paradise Lost is an epic poem. Milton chose the epic genre because of the greatness of the subject. He follows the typical epic conventions in his masterpiece, such as the opening with the statement of the theme. This epic takes place in the universe, in Heaven, Hell and Eden. The main characters, God, Satan, Christ, Man and the fallen angels remind the warriors and heroes of the classical epic, even though they are more philosophical heroes. Milton knew the Copernican cosmology but he based the universe of Paradise Lost on the traditional Ptolemaic system because he thought that this conception was fixed in the minds of the people and it had limits within which it was easier for him to work. In Milton’s Heaven God created the Earth, fixed in the centre of the Universe, and he put his life and thoughts in the natural world so that the external reality reflects the divine soul. In Paradise Lost evil and good are opposed. However, Satan has many characteristics of the epic hero, courage, leadership, initiative. Milton has sympathy for his Satan because he himself was a rebel against the political and religious authority. Both Milton and Dante said that their works had divine inspiration but they had contrasting ideas about Satan’s physical appearance and meaning. Dante’s Satan becomes a means of punishment and it resembles a mythic monster, with wings and three heads. Milton’s Satan is a symbol of God’s justice and it takes several forms, first it is a fallen angel, then it has an inhuman form and finally he becomes a snake. The style of the poem is elevated, the poet used a new kind of magnificent blank-verse.

Becoming Global Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Becoming Global - Coursework Example If the party promises to accept the agreement, the other party must promise to give something in return (Burnett, 2004). A valid offer has a clear communication and is specific and definite in its terms. Considering the above three proposals, the first proposal gives a valid offer. The contractor clearly communicates the terms of her offer. She also gives the time lapse of the offer. The other three offers only communicate the quantity of the product they would produce and the cost of purchasing them. They do not give definite terms of the offer (Moens & Gillies, 2000). Gloria wants to engage in a global business because she wants to expand her business. Her concern is that if she engages in a business with the large retailer supplier, she will have to cut down her costs. However, she should consider other issues. Such issues are the laws of that country, the taxes that she would pay and language issues. She should also consider employing trusted employees for her business to succeed ( Hayward, 2012). Gloria can protect herself and her family from persona liability by obtaining an insurance cover for her business. She can also have some by-laws that would allow another person from the company to act on her behalf (Annabel,

The Extent To Which The Economy And Population Of London Grew At The Essay

The Extent To Which The Economy And Population Of London Grew At The Expense Of The Provinces In The Period 1580-1640 - Essay Example During the later sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, the increasing pace of economic change placed English society under considerable strain. Historians consider this as a period of gradual transition impacted by several crises which eventually led to the stabler and more prosperous situation of the later seventeenth century. The processes of economic, demographic and social changes were based on several underlying causes. Widespread poverty and vagrancy were detrimental to the social order of the time. Serious offences were common-place occurrences during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, reaching a peak between 1590 and 1620; similarly food riots caused by bad harvests, and minor agrarian disturbances took place frequently (Wrightson 1993). Additionally, a number of epidemic diseases ravaged the country. Large numbers of people migrated to London from the provinces. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which London’s population and economy grew at the expense of the provinces in the years 1580-1640. Social Change in England During the Timeline 1580-1640 In the timeline between the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century England, social change was slow. Prosperity was limited socially to the upper and middle classes of society and geographically it was confined to the south of England. It was counterbalanced by a number of detrimental changes such as increased costs and the charging of interests on loans. The paradoxical elements of a changing socio-economic environment were evident in â€Å"agricultural improvement and agrarian distress, increased production and widespread deprivation, undoubted prosperity and equally striking impoverishment† (Wrightson 1993: 122). The decades between 1580 and 1640 saw changes to the economic and social structures of England, based on a shifting balance betwe en population and resources, production and demand. The process began prior to the timeline under study, and exerted its influence long afterwards. However, the change process reached its crisis and found its resolution within the period. There were regular occurrences of various epidemic diseases such as plague, typhus, dysentry and influenza in preindustrial England. Plague was endemic in the country from the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries. â€Å"Severe epidemics occurred in London from 1604 to 1610, and 1640 to 1649 with at least four milder epidemics between these two larger ones† (Bollet 2004: 23). Plague weakened the social cohesiveness between the rich and poor classes, and created a high degree of social and geographical mobility. The openings in the economic, political and social spheres caused by adult deaths were filled by individuals who would not have been found suitable in a more stable system. The difficulties related to town life prompted the rich and successful to migrate to the countryside, leaving great opportunities behind them. â€Å"Geographical mobility was increased by the influx of immigrants from the countryside which so quickly replaced epidemic losses† (Dyer 1978: 321). The population of England doubled during the course of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The general demographic expansion was uneven both chronologically and regionally. By 1580 the population of Enland reached 3.5 million, and continued to increase until the 1620s and 1630s when it began to level off. Wrightson (1993) argues that a decline in the incidence and virulence of the bubonic plague in the later fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries may have fuelled the population rise of the sixteenth century by ceasing to regularly decimate an abundant population. Expansion renewed after checks in population growth, ceased only in the seventeenth century by an increasing death rate caused probably by the introduction of new infectious dise ases. On the other hand, historical demographers have emphasized that populations in this period

Lab report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Lab Report Example The initial angle’s complementary values result in the same range but the heights are different. 45o is the projection angle with the maximum range. For this experiment, the velocity is still constant in the x-direction (vox = vx = constant). The only difference is that the velocity has a y-component (vo = (vox2 + voy2)Â ½ ). For both experiments, the initial velocity is the same (vox = vo cos q and voy = vo sin q). To find the motion’s equation, Δy = v0y t + Â ½ a t2, t was solved: There is a significant difference between the theoretical range and the experimental range. Errors could have occurred due to incorrect readings because of parallax and calculation errors because of rounding off. These experiments, despite having quite evident errors, the angles with the highest range are 400 and 450. The experiment further emphasized the independence of x- and y-components in projectile motion (Serway, Vuille & Faughn,

Human vs. Animals - Who Has The Power Research Paper

Human vs. Animals - Who Has The Power - Research Paper Example As discussed in the introductory paragraph, the planet of apes is divided into various sub-classes. Chimpanzees are considered suitable for research due to their intelligence, orangutans could take part in the administrative and religious affairs of the planet and gorillas were presented as the defenders. This segregation of class and roles is strictly observed by the inhabitants of the planet. This situation refers to the first segment of the movie where the astronauts were caught by the apes and were brutally treated. The captain of the flying shuttle was used for experimental purpose by a doctor. This segment defines the difference of class presented in the movie, as apes were dived into sub-classes and were allocated tasks according to their capabilities, while on the other hand humans were treated as sword fodders or lab rats.This could be referred to the turmoil situations of the early   twentieth century, when a law relating to racial discrimination had been passed. By the v irtue of which the white population of the country was segregated from the Afro-Americans of the country, referred to as Jim Crow’s law. It prohibited the black people to enter into any type of transaction with the white population, the taps for drinking water, toilets, hotels, restaurants, passenger seats and anything that could prove white superiority over the black had been segregated. The black population was considered to untouchable and the most down trodden part of the society, only jobs available for them were manual labor, as was the case with the humans in the movie. Law enforcement agencies treat convict of different races and castes differently, there was favoritism, nepotism, violence and hate by the supreme part of the society for the under-class, as the apes used to treat the humans in the movie.  

Business Organisations and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Organisations and the Law - Essay Example Principally, UK company law is ruled by the Companies Act of 2006, the Insolvency Act 1986, the Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986 and the old Companies Act 1985. A limited company can be registered in England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Australia. Registration of business firms in Great Britain is done through Companies House while the registration of companies in Northern Ireland is through the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment (Davies 2008; Companies Act 2006; Sealy and Worthington 2007). 1. Private company limited by shares - this type of business organization has a share capital and the accountability of each member is restricted to the amount not paid on shares that a member holds; this type of private company cannot sell its shares to the general public 2. Private company limited by guarantee - here, a member does not throw in any amount as a contribution to the capital during its lifetime as it does not purchase shares. The member's liability is limited to the amount that he/she has agreed to contribute to the company's assets if it decides to wind up its activities 3. 3. Private unlimited company - this form of business organisation may or may not have a share capital and there is no limit to its members' liability and since there are no limitations on members' liability, the company can disclose less information compared to other types of companies 4. Public limited company - this kind of group has a share capital and the liability of every member is limited to the amount unpaid on shares that a member holds; it can also offer its shares for sale to the general public and likewise can be quoted on the stock exchange. Administrative Receivership In the United Kingdom, administrative receivership10 is a process whereby a creditor can enforce security against a business firm's assets endeavoring to gain settlement or compensation of the secured debt. Previously, it was the most accepted scheme of enforcement by secured creditors, however, recent governmental restructuring and legal developments in several jurisdictions have significantly diminished its importance in specific nations11. Administrative receivership diverges from simple receivership in that an administrative receiver is assigned over all of the assets and tasks of the business firm. This signifies that an administrative receiver can, as a rule, only be assigned by the holder of a floating charge. Because of this remarkable responsibility, bankruptcy/insolvency legislation more often than not endows broader powers to administrative receivers and likewise also have power over the exercise of those powers in an effort to take the edge off potential prejudice to unsecured creditors. Normally, an administrative receiver is an accountant with substantial knowledge, familiarity and understanding regarding insolvency matters. Current Implication As it is, administrative receivership is a significant component of contemporary insolvency practice. Today, business firms that plunge into financial complexities may well have security packages that were created prior to the 15th of September 2003, a circumstance

Swiss Watch Company ROLEX and how they manage customer satisfaction, Essay

Swiss Watch Company ROLEX and how they manage customer satisfaction, loyalty and what the company does to foster customer relations - Essay Example The same include use of titanium and ceramics, apart from gold and diamond in their watches, as well as launching creative customer relations management (CRM) modules to keep the existing customers, whiling adding the new ones. Keeping the quality and customer satisfaction in view, Rolex watch company has limited its production of watches, till recently, between 650000 to 800000 per year. Hence, the demand for their prestigious time pieces has always been more than the production and supply figures, while the waiting list for their stainless steel Daytona watches goes up to five years, at times.(Liebeskind, What makes Rolex tick) & ( Smith, 1996) However, with their planned new production facility at Bienne, the company hopes to add around 400000 cubic meters of quality work space that can cater to almost 2000 employees, in the year 2012†¦.(Swiss watch news, 2009) Rolex watches are made as per the specific customer requirements. For example, Rolex Submariner and Rolex Oyster were designed keeping in view the water sports, while their Explorer range of watches was developed specifically for mountaineers and those needing use of watches in rough and inhospitable terrains. Similarly, Rolex GMT Master was designed to assist pilots with multiple time zones, as the company developed these watches in 1954. While product innovation has been of supreme importance for the company, their time pieces and wrist watches are remembered for reasons other than finding time or date. For example, Rolex gained huge media attention, when its Oyster Perpetual wrist watch helped in solving a murder mystery of English Channel, in 1996†¦..(Morgan, Good reasons why to buy Rolex watches) In addition, the company has least dependence on its suppliers as most of the quality control measures are in-house, for every stage of manufacture. As the entire manufacturing process of the company

Research on the two careers Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

On the two careers - Research Proposal Example The areas of study included what the client could expect in terms of educational demands, salary expectations, working conditions, skills development and the level of contact with external forces within each career field. An interview was conducted with the client to uncover their demands in each of these five areas for each career choice. Human Resources Management The client indicated that a competitive salary with only four-year college education were the largest demands for a career in management in either human resources or hospitality management. Unwilling to seek a Master’s degree due to cost and personal obligations, it was necessary for Open Options to satisfy these demands for careers only requiring a four-year Bachelor’s level degree. The role of human resources manager, in most industries, requires only a Bachelor’s in Human Resources in order to receive the average salary of $59,310 (payscale.com, 2011). This was the salary for Lowe’s Home Imp rovement and was competitive with most other industries both retail and non-retail. Educational demands in the role of human resources manager are related to basic business courses, knowledge of applicable labor laws, marketing, and organizational communication. These are typical four-year degree courses that build a rounded applicant profile for the role of HR management. The client indicated that there was a need for a working environment that required little in terms of physical labor and also one where there was a high reliance on technology in daily role obligations. This is why Open Options determined that the career of HR manager would be best-suited to the client needs. For example, the HR manager often utilizes the human resource information system (HRIS) with is â€Å"a composite of databases, computer applications, and hardware/software necessary to store, manage, deliver present and manipulate data† (Ngai & Wat, 2006, p.299). The working condition for an HR manage r is one where technology is integral to serving low-level business populations and also large-scale corporate or multinational business environments. It is thus suited specifically to accommodate needs as identified through the interview. Skills required for the role of HR manager, it was identified through research, include knowledge of human psychology above and beyond the educational degree. â€Å"Human beings are sensitive and reflect on what they experience, responding to inner feelings and interpretations† (Sandoff, 2005, p.530). In order to be an effective HR manager, it is necessary to understand what motivates individuals at the sociological and psychological level in order to gain their commitment and avoid resistance to corporate change practices. Because the client indicated that they were people-focused and enjoyed diverse working environments, it was determined again that the role of HR manager was absolutely suited to fit these needs. When inquired as to wheth er the interviewee would rather work independently or with outside forces in daily job role, a strong inclination was discovered for external consulting based on the high level of people-friendly personality traits. The role of HR manager requires the individual to work with diverse individuals from multiple business sources, including regulatory forces that monitor labor conditions,

Popular culture-Respond to questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Popular culture-Respond to questions - Essay Example As land continuously became scarce, the American frontier concept evolved the great land expanse to the frontiers such as ocean and space exploration, which were less tangible. Shames asserts that had the supply of more carried on indefinitely, expansion would could be a goal in itself. This would give rise to a value system founded on bulk rather than quality of life. Therefore, the American situation today is based on the fact that there is less to be had (Shames et al 93). According to Shames, there are connections between the history of the American frontier and consumer behaviour. The connection stems from the American culture of wanting more, which is not easily satisfied, which is synonymous to the frontier history. In this sense, the â€Å"more is better† notion that emerged during the frontier era has not changed and is still evident in consumer behaviour. He further points out that the sense of quality among American consumers has lagged behind that of scale. Therefore, both the American consumer and the frontier history are not quite about the quality of what one gets but rather, quantity. In the frontier history, people were more concerned about the acreage of land they would acquire and not its quality. In a similar manner, the modern consumer behaviour focuses more on how much the consumer can get rather than the quality of what they are purchasing (Shames et al 94). Retailers make use of spatial organisation design to affect consumers’ buying habits and their behavior. Depending on how stores use their space to arrange merchandise, they can determine how easily consumers can locate what they are shopping for. The idea of displaying the latest designs of clothes on the right hand side of the entrance to American shops was informed by the notion that people tend to walk the way they drive. On the same note, that is why fast-food outlets are

Theories of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes Essay Example for Free

Theories of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes Essay The concept of social contract theory is that in the beginning man lived in the state of nature. They had no government and there was no law to regulate them. There were hardships and oppression on the sections of the society. To overcome from these hardships they entered into two agreements which are:- 1. Ç ²Pactum UnionisÇ ³; and 2. Ç ²Pactum SubjectionisÇ ³. By the first pact of unionis, people sought protection of their lives and property. As, a result of it a society was formed where people undertook to respect each other and live in peace and harmony. By the second pact of subjectionis, people united together and pledged to obey an authority and surrendered the whole or part of their freedom and rights to an authority. The authority guaranteed everyone protection of life, property and to a certain extent liberty. Thus, they must agree to establish society by collectively and reciprocally renouncing the rights they had against one another in the State of Nature and they must imbue some one person or assembly of persons with the authority and power to enforce the initial contract. In other words, to ensure their escape from the State of Nature, they must both agree to live together under common laws, and create an enforcement mechanism for the social contract and the laws that constitute it. Thus, the authority or the government or the sovereign or the state came into being because of the two agreements. Analysis of the theory of Social Contract by Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes theory of Social Contract appeared for the first time in Leviathan published in the year 1651 during the Civil War in Britain. Thomas HobbesÇ ¯ legal theory is based on Ç ²Social contractÇ ³. According to him, prior to Social Contract, man lived in the State of Nature. ManÇ ¯s life in the State of NATURE was one of fear and selfishness. Man lived in chaotic condition of constant fear. Life in the State of Nature was Ç ®solitaryÇ ¯, Ç ®poorÇ ¯, Ç ®nastyÇ ¯, Ç ®brutishÇ ¯, and Ç ®shortÇ ¯. Man has a natural desire for security and order. In order to secure self- protection and self-preservation, and to avoid misery and pain, man entered   into a contract. This idea of self-preservation and self-protection are inherent in manÇ ¯s nature and in order to achieve this, they voluntarily surrendered all their rights and freedoms to some authority by this contract who must command obedience. As a result of this contract, the mightiest authority is to protect and preserve their lives and property. This led to the emergence of the institution of the Ç ²rulerÇ ³ or Ç ²monarchÇ ³, who shall be the absolute head. Subjects had no rights against the absolute authority or the sovereign and he is to be obeyed in all situations however bad or unworthy he might be. However, Hobbes placed moral obligations on the sovereign who shall be bound by natural law. Hence, it can be deduced that, Hobbes was the supporter of absolutism. In the opinion of Hobbes, Ç ²law is dependent upon the sanction of the sovereign and the Government without sword are but words and of no strength to secure a man at allÇ ³. He therefore, reiterated that civil law is the re al law because it is commanded and enforced by the sovereign. Thus, he upheld the principle of Ç ²Might is always RightÇ ³. Hobbes thus infers from his mechanistic theory of human nature that humans are necessarily and exclusively self-interested. All men pursue only what they perceive to be in their own individually considered best interests. They respond mechanistically by being drawn to that which they desire and repelled by that to which they are averse. In addition to being exclusively self-interested, Hobbes also argues that human beings are reasonable. They have in them the rational capacity to pursue their desires as efficiently and maximally as possible. From these premises of human nature, Hobbes goes on to construct a provocative and compelling argument for which they ought to be willing to submit themselves to political authority. He did this by imagining persons in a situation prior to the establishment of society, the State of Nature. Hobbes impels subjects to surrender all their rights and vest all liberties in the sovereign for preservation of peace, life and prosperity of the subjects. It is in this way the natural law became a moral guide or directive to the sovereign for preservation of the natural rights of the subjects. For Hobbes all law is dependent upon the sanction of the sovereign. All real law is civil law, the law commanded and Page 3 of 7 enforced by the sovereign and are brought into the world for nothing else but to limit the natural liberty of particular men, in such a manner, as they might not hurt but to assist one another and join together against a common enemy. He advocated for an established order. Hence, Individualism, materialism, utilitarianism and absolutions are inter-woven in the theory of Hobbes. Analysis of the theory of Social Contract by John Locke John Locke theory of Social Contract is different than that of Hobbes. According to him, man lived in the State of Nature, but his concept of the State of Nature is different as contemplated by Hobbesian theory. LockeÇ ¯s view about the state of nature is not as miserable as that of Hobbes. It was reasonably good and enjoyable, but the property was not secure. He considered State of Nature as a Ç ²Golden AgeÇ ³. It was a stat e of Ç ²peace, goodwill, mutual assistance, and preservationÇ ³. In that state of nature, men had all the rights which nature could give them. Locke justifies this by saying that in the State of Nature, the natural condition of mankind was a state of perfect and complete liberty to conduct oneÇ ¯s life as one best sees fit. It was free from the interference of others. In that state of nature, all were equal and independent. This does not mean, however, that it was a state of license. It was one not free to do anything at all one pleases, or even anything that one judges to be in oneÇ ¯s interest. The State of Nature, although a state wherein there was no civil authority or government to punish people for transgressions against laws, was not a state without morality. The State of Nature was pre-political, but it was not pre- moral. Persons are assumed to be equal to one another in such a state, and therefore equally capable of discovering and being bound by the Law of Nature. So, the State of Nature was a Ç ®state of libertyÇ ¯, where persons are free to pursue their own interests and plans, free from interference and, because of the Law of Nature and the restrictions that it imposes upon persons, it is relatively peaceful. Property plays an essential role in LockeÇ ¯s argument for civil government and the contract that establishes it. According to Locke, private property is created when a person mix es his labour with the raw materials of nature. Given the implications of the Law of Nature, there are limits as to how much property one can own: one is not   allowed to take so more from nature than oneself can use, thereby leaving others without enough for themselves, because nature is given to all of mankind for its common subsistence. One cannot take more than his own fair share. Property is the linchpin of LockeÇ ¯s argument for the social contract and civil government because it is the protection of their property, including their property in their own bodies, that men seek when they decide to abandon the State of Nature. John Locke considered property in the State of Nature as insecure because of three conditions; they are:- 1. Absence of established law; 2. Absence of impartial Judge; and 3. Absence of natural power to execute natural laws. Thus, man in the State of Nature felt need to protect their property and for the purpose of protection of their property, men entered into the Ç ²Social ContractÇ ³. Under the contract, man did not surrender all their rights to one single individual, but they surrendered only the right to preserve / maintain order and enforce the law of nature. The individual retained with them the other rights, i.e., right to life, liberty and estate because these rights were considered natural and inalienable rights of men.   Having created a political society and government through their consent, men then gained three things which they lacked in the State of Nature: laws, judges to adjudicate laws, and the executive power necessary to enforce these laws. Each man therefore gives over the power to protect himself and punish transgressors of the Law of Nature to the government that he has created through the compact. According to Locke, the purpose of the Government and law is to uphold and protect the natural rights of men. So long as the Government fulfils this purpose, the laws given by it are valid and binding but, when it ceases to fulfil it, then the laws would have no validity and the Government can be thrown out of power. In Lockes view, unlimited sovereignty is contrary to natural law. Hence, John Locke advocated the principle of -Ç ²a state of liberty; not of licenseÇ ³. Locke advocated a state for the general good of people. He pleaded for a constitutionally limited government.   Locke, in fact made life, liberty and property, his three cardinal rights, which greatly dominated and influenced the Declaration of American Independence, 1776. Analysis of the theory of Social Contract by Jean Jacques Rousseau Jean Jacques Rousseau was a French philosopher who gave a new interpretation to the theory of Social Contract in his work The Social Contract and Emile. According to him, social contract is not a historical fact but a hypothetical construction of reason. Prior to the Social Contract, the life in the State of Nature was happy and there was equality among men. As time passed, however, humanity faced certain changes. As the overall population increased, the means by which people could satisfy their needs had to change. People slowly began to live together in small families, and then in small communities. Divisions of labour were introduced, both within and between families, and discoveries and inventions made life easier, giving rise to leisure time. Such leisure time inevitably led people to make comparisons between themselves and others, resulting in public values, leading to shame and envy, pride and contempt. Most importantly however, according to Rousseau, was the invention of private property, which constituted the pivotal moment in humanityÇ ¯s evolution out of a simple, pure state into one, characterized by greed, competition, vanity, inequality, and vice. For Rousseau the invention of property constitutes humanityÇ ¯s Ç ®fall from graceÇ ¯ out of the State of Nature. For this purpose, they surrendered their rights not to a sing le individual but to the community as a whole which Rousseau termed as Ç ®general willÇ ¯. According to Rousseau, the original Ç ®freedom, happiness, equality and libertyÇ ¯ which existed in primitive societies prior to the social contract was lost in the modern civilisation. Through Social Contract, a new form of social organisation- the state was formed to assure and guarantee rights, liberties freedom and equality. The essence of the RousseauÇ ¯s theory of General Will is that State and Law were the product of General Will of the people. State and the Laws are made by it and if the government and laws do not conform to Ç ®general willÇ ¯, they would be discarded. While the individual parts with his natural rights, in return he gets civil liberties such as freedom of speech, equality, assembly, etc. The Ç ²General WillÇ ³, therefore, for all purposes, was the will of majority citizens to which blind obedience was to be given. The majority was accepted on the belief that majority view is right than minority view. Each individual is not subject to any other individu al but to the Ç ®general willÇ ¯ and to obey this is to obey himself. His sovereignty is infallible, indivisible, unrepresentable and illimitable. Thus, Rousseau favoured peoples sovereignty. His natural law theory is confined to the freedom and liberty of the individual. For him, State, law, sovereignty, general will, etc. are interchangeable terms. RousseauÇ ¯s theory inspired French and American revolutions and given impetus to nationalism. He based his theory of social contract on the principle of Ç ²Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chainsÇ ³. COMPARISION OF THE THEORY OF SOCIAL CONTRACT OF THOMAS HOBBES, JOHN LOCKE AND JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU 1. Hobbes asserts that without subjection to a common power of their rights and freedoms, men are necessarily at war. Locke and Rousseau, on the contrary, set forth the view that the state exists to preserve and protect the natural rights of its citizens. When governments fail in that task, citizens have the right and sometimes the duty to withdraw their support and even to rebel. 2. Hobbes view was that whatever the state does is just. All of society is a direct creation of the state, and a reflection of the will of the ruler. According to Locke, the only important role of the state is to ensure that justice is seen to be done. While Rousseau view is that the State must in all circumstance ensure freedom and liberty of individuals. 3. Hobbes theory of Social Contract supports absolute sovereign without giving any value to individuals, while Locke and Rousseau supports individual than the state or the government. 4. To Hobbes, the sovereign and the government are identical but Rousseau makes a distinction between the two. He rules out a representative form of government. But, Locke does not make any such distinction. Page 7 of 7 5. RousseauÇ ¯s view of sovereignty was a compromise between the constitutionalism of Locke and absolutism of Hobbes. CRITICAL APPREHENTION 1. Rousseau propounded that state, law and the government are interchangeable, but this in present senerio is different. Even though government can be overthrown but not the state. A state exists even there is no government. 2. Hobbes concept of absolutism is totally a vague concept in present scenario. Democracy is the need and examples may be taken from Burma and other nations. 3. According to Hobbes, the sovereign should have absolute authority. This is against the rule of law because absolute power in one authority brings arbitrariness. 4. Locke concept of State of nature is vague as any conflict with regard to property always leads to havoc in any society. Hence, there cannot be a society in peace if they have been conflict with regard to property. 5. Locke concept of laissez-faire is not of welfare oriented. Now in present scenario, every state undertake steps to form a welfare state.

Childcare Essays Effects of Media to Children

Childcare Essays Effects of Media to Children Effects of Media to Children Media has been a significant part of our daily life, a vehicle for communicating to the public as well as a source of entertainment. Magazines, TV programs, radio, billboards, news, internet, cell phones are the forms of mass media which are considered to be part of our everyday routine. Traditionally, parents serve as primary social models for children; whereas other models may include siblings, teachers, relatives and other persons who are significant in children’s lives. Over time, however, parents’ influence as models to their children is on the decline as a direct or indirect result of technological advancement and alterations in household economics. Aside from their busy schedules (which is common in dual-career and single-parent households), families of today seem to gather around rarely because each member has easy access to his or her own television, telephone, computer, music player, etc.. This set-up would imply that children are more inclined to interact les s with their parents and spend more time on their own. Thus, children could turn their attention from their parents to more accessible diversions, such as television watching. Without their parents’ direct guidance or control, such exposure can become excessive and unguarded. It would not be much of a surprise, if what these children watch did influence their thinking and behavior. Studies conducted by Weiten Lloyd reported that children in the U.S. spend 2-4 hours on TV watching alone and this habit appears to increase as they get older (Kirsh). Children and the youth are media’s darling. Media as perceived by children is full of excitement and wonder, because it brings them to a world of reality as well as make believe. A child development expert T. Berry Brazelton, MD., warns parents that, media is really â€Å"the biggest competitor for our children’s heart and mind† (Steyer). Furthermore, James P. Steyer an advocate for media organization for childr en, in his book regards media as â€Å"the other parent† since at present time children spend much of their time with these different forms of media. In view of the fact that our society is media saturated, parents should be aware of the positive and negative effects of media to children. Media’s positive effects are: First, its academic learning opportunities. â€Å"Over the past 30 years, shows such as Sesame Street, Teletubbies, Barney, and Blue’s Clues have provided academic learning to toddlers and pre-aged children. For older children, programs such as Zoom, Cyberchase, and Zoboomafoo are replete with informative, scientific facts. For pre-teens and teenagers, cable channels such as The Animal Planet, The Discovery Channel, and The Learning Channel offer a wide range of educational fare†(Kirsh). Children that are exposed to educational programs are more likely to adopt to what they are watching , to cite an example children(toddlers) from a non-english speaking country that are expose to shows like Barney are able to learn to speak English although with improper grammar. They learn to communicate with the English language and by the time they attend school learning grammar will be easier for them. The same is true with older children, progra ms shown in the National Geographic Channel, The Animal Planet and Discovery Channel and articles written in their published magazine as well as their websites help them to learn and see what a certain animal looks like, see and explore places that are impossible for human to go to and visit places that are overseas. These educational programs help them to visualize places and animals as well as further explain theories that are learned in the classroom. The second positive effect of media is pro-social behavior learning. â€Å"Pro-social behavior refers to any action that benefits another person. Comforting, sharing, and helping are all examples of pro-social actions† (Kirsh). Many develop mentalists, especially those leaning towards the tradition of Social-Cognitive perspective; argue that much of the changes in children’s behavior may be accounted for by their observation of others. Learning through imitation or more commonly known as Observational Learning, occurs when a child observes and eventually imitates a model’s behavior. Programs designed for pro social behavior learning teaches children to practice social behavior such as sharing, helping when they themselves interact socially. They are thought how to properly respond to problems encountered in the outside world like in school or in the community. For example a child who watches how kids share art materials in completing a project in Sesame Street wi ll the same way share his crayons to a classmate when he attend school. To further explain this impression, a study conducted by Mares in 1986 â€Å"suggest that the viewing of pro social television content can increase positive interactions among youth during play and increase altruism† (Kirsh). On the other hand, although pro social programs are intended to teach pro social behavior the age of the viewer should be considered because children of younger age are more adaptable to such teaching than older children. Despite the positive effects presented media has negative effects as well. Children’s familiarity with these media models could lead them to pick up new behaviors that are not modeled by their own parents such as: First, body image and eating disorder problems. According to the Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorder organization (ANRED), more than half of teenage girls are on diets or think they should be (Tomeo). TV programs and magazines that show teenage girls that are thin even though unintentional young girls tend to copy their favorite character. In their target to get thin they put themselves to diet, at times they force themselves not to eat to get thin. â€Å"On average, girls begin dieting at the age of eight, and eighty-one percent of ten-year-olds fear becoming fat. A national eating disorder treatment center in 2006 reported that sixty-three percent of elementary school teachers are concerned about eating disorders in their classroom. From where do these gi rls get such a poor self image† (Tomeo). Unfortunately, mass media most frequently foster negative affective body images among youth (Kirsh). Apparently, models are not limited to real people; super heroes, cartoon or video game characters, even television or movie idols, can also serve as symbolic or media models in this case. The second negative effect of media is the introduction to drug use. Commercials give enthusiasm to young viewers because they are entertaining, but the harm it brings to the young minds of children is often overlooked. The youth being exposed in a world surrounded with media, are therefore exposed to adult aimed advertisements like commercials of cigarettes and liquor. According to a group that studies health issues, in 1999 the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation concluded that the average child between age eight to 18 spends more than 40 hours using television, radio, billboards and the internet wherein advertising occupies much of the time (â€Å"Youth-Oriented Advertising†). Furthermore, it is a fact according to Gerbner that many of this adult oriented advertisements are purposely designed to be attractive to the youth (Kirsh, p. 337). Take smoking for instance; commercials of cigarette infuse curiosity to the youth in the same way that movies and music videos that contain characters that smoke predispose them to do the same. Moreover, ads contribute to problems such as obesity, alcohol abuse and teen smoking (â€Å"Youth-Oriented Advertising†). To sum up, the discussion revealed that aside from parents and significant people who come in contact with the child, symbolic characters can also be potent models. Taking into consideration the presence of factors that have a pervasive influence on the child’s imitative behavior, the television can be a powerful agent of socialization. Despite its negative effects, however, TV viewing can also have constructive effects on children. Under proper supervision and if viewing is done in moderation, families, particularly parents can harness, and even maximize this medium’s potential as a good source of information and helpful avenue for learning.

Overview of the Culture in the Philippines

Overview of the Culture in the Philippines Andy Kristian Gorgonio, Billy Redick, Reece Camacho The Philippines is a country rich in culture, history, economy, and government. The Philippines is filled with culture, practices, and ways of respect that some westerners may find odd and weird. The history of Philippines is filled with occupations, freedom, facts, etc. The economy of Philippines once successful until the Filipino Downfall in the 60s. Before the late 15 Century had no real religion except for the Visayans until the Spanish when the brought the Spanish Inquisition. The Government was complicated from Visayan Kingdom Era (Visayan is the Major Tribe which was similar to the Eastern Government System like Chine (China at the Time), Kingdom of Korea [Gyeorgary Era], and Empire of Japan), to Spanish Philippines, to Republic of Philippines, to American Territory of Philippines, to Japanese State of Philippines, to Republic of Philippines. The Philippines is filled with amazing information. In the Philippines, we have many stories and signs of respect to offer. The Philippines has few folk tale stories with lessons, White Street Lady is completely covered in white drapes standing on the side of a road and if you dont stop for her, you will see red eyes right before you die, lesson, be kind, Duende or Filipino Version of leprechaun, give him food and in a few days youll find his pot of gold,lesson, be nice and youll be rewarded, and lastly, Filipino Version of Mermaid, it will be the most beautiful person youve ever seen, but come to close and shell pull you into the water and drown you until you die, she will then eat your remains, lesson, dont get caught up will lust and beauty, it will consume you, (In this Case, Literally). We also have our ways to show respect such as Blessing Elders, Praying before eating, and taking off your shoes before entering a house. During eating, we eat like a normal American except for the fact we eat rice in every meal. Culture is an impo rtant and vital thing in an average Filipino and a Filipino Identity. The economy of the Philippines is a quite disappointing story. Once the Philipines freed itself in 1945, right after (WW2) was the wealthiest country in all of Asia. Korea was rebuilding from the Japanese and a crisis is brewing between Communist North and Capitalist South, China is going through a civil war, and Japan was rebuilding from the war and paying for the war to the allies, the others are still colonies or going through a independence war (Indochina[Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos], British Raj [India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar/Burma], British Malay[Malaysia], Dutch Indonesian [Indonesia]. It continued to prosper becoming the first Asian Nation to have a public International Airport and invented many things and prospered until the end of Marcas Reign in the 70s. Now people say Marcus was a dictator but thats not true, after him corruption went through the roof crashingÂÂ   the industries and then Singapore, China, S. Korea, Japan, Hong Kong, and Taiwan quickly took its place and continued to fight until the 4 remaining formed the Four Asian Tigers, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore. However a man similar to Marcus named Deturte, some experts say with him, Corruption has gone down by a huge margin and soon join the Asian Tigers. The Filipino Government changed many times especially in the past 100 years. It started before the Spaniards, the biggest tribe was the Visayan Kingdom(Visayan is the Major Tribe which was similar to the Eastern Government System like Chine [China at the Time], Kingdom of Korea [Gyeorgary Era], and Empire of Japan) Philippines became the Spanish Colony of Philippines. Then after an independence war which Created the Republic of Philippines the Philippines was quickly surprised when their previous ally ,US, said that they were part of the US and had the Philippine-American War which made the Philippines a US Territory this made the Republic of the Philippines into the American Territory of the Philippines. The US promised to release the Philippines in 1940 but was delayed to a little thing called World War 2. In 1945 after the war the Philippines was independent again as a Democratic Nation. The Philippines is a beautiful, independent, and free nation. We mustnt forget our culture for that is where we came from, no matter what the culture.ÂÂ   May Pearl of the East live in prosperity and freedom til the end of time like how it has been. The country is filled with rich culture and history.

The Importance of Friendship in Mark Twains The Adventures of Hucklebe

The Importance of Friendship in Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Aristotle was once asked what he thought friendship was. His response was, "One soul inhabiting two bodies." This was the kind of relationship that Huckleberry Finn and Jim shared in Mark Twain's epic novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. This novel is a tool that Mark Twain, whose real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemmons, was using to impress the great benefits of friendship upon society. However, others feel that Clemmons was using this book for another motive, to promote racism and ever since The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published in 1885, there have been people trying to ban it from public bookshelves and trying to remove it from required reading lists, alleging that it promoted racism. This was not Mark Twain's motive; rather, he was trying to show how the prejudices that society places upon people could be overcome by friendship. Mark Twain's novel has caused much controversy from the beginning. In 1885, the year the book was published, the Concord, Massachusetts Public Library banned the book and described it as "trash and suitable only for the slums" (Haight 1). Other than saying that the book was trash, the library did not express any reason for the book's banning, but it can be assumed that the reason was racism. The complaints did not end there: in New York City, seventy-two years later, Twain's publication found itself "dropped from a list of approved books for senior and junior high schools, partly because of objection to frequent use of the term 'nigger' and famed character 'Nigger Jim,'" (2). The statement from New York showed from where the popular misconception of Twain's intent comes; the usage of the word, "nig... ...t Huck and Jim shared, Huckleberry probably would have never seen Jim as an equal. Huck and Jim showed that friendship is so powerful that it can overcome any obstacle, even prejudices created by society - this was the message that Mark Twain was promoting, and certainly cannot be counted as offensive to anyone. The classic tale of Huck and Jim's travels down the Mississippi River dealt with many complex issues, but the most important of these is friendship. This is what Mark Twain was promoting, not racism. Friendship does not need to be banned from our society; neither does The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Works Cited American Library Association. "Challenged and Banned Books." Haight, Anne Lyon & B., Chandler. "'Tom Sawyer' and 'Huckleberry Finn.'" Phan, Giang & Nguyen, Diep. "Pro Huck Finn." Twain, Mark. "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn." The Importance of Friendship in Mark Twain's The Adventures of Hucklebe The Importance of Friendship in Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Aristotle was once asked what he thought friendship was. His response was, "One soul inhabiting two bodies." This was the kind of relationship that Huckleberry Finn and Jim shared in Mark Twain's epic novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. This novel is a tool that Mark Twain, whose real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemmons, was using to impress the great benefits of friendship upon society. However, others feel that Clemmons was using this book for another motive, to promote racism and ever since The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published in 1885, there have been people trying to ban it from public bookshelves and trying to remove it from required reading lists, alleging that it promoted racism. This was not Mark Twain's motive; rather, he was trying to show how the prejudices that society places upon people could be overcome by friendship. Mark Twain's novel has caused much controversy from the beginning. In 1885, the year the book was published, the Concord, Massachusetts Public Library banned the book and described it as "trash and suitable only for the slums" (Haight 1). Other than saying that the book was trash, the library did not express any reason for the book's banning, but it can be assumed that the reason was racism. The complaints did not end there: in New York City, seventy-two years later, Twain's publication found itself "dropped from a list of approved books for senior and junior high schools, partly because of objection to frequent use of the term 'nigger' and famed character 'Nigger Jim,'" (2). The statement from New York showed from where the popular misconception of Twain's intent comes; the usage of the word, "nig... ...t Huck and Jim shared, Huckleberry probably would have never seen Jim as an equal. Huck and Jim showed that friendship is so powerful that it can overcome any obstacle, even prejudices created by society - this was the message that Mark Twain was promoting, and certainly cannot be counted as offensive to anyone. The classic tale of Huck and Jim's travels down the Mississippi River dealt with many complex issues, but the most important of these is friendship. This is what Mark Twain was promoting, not racism. Friendship does not need to be banned from our society; neither does The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Works Cited American Library Association. "Challenged and Banned Books." Haight, Anne Lyon & B., Chandler. "'Tom Sawyer' and 'Huckleberry Finn.'" Phan, Giang & Nguyen, Diep. "Pro Huck Finn." Twain, Mark. "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn."

Modernism Essay -- Comparative Literature Essays Papers

Modernism Modernism is defined in Merriam-Webster's Dictionary as "a self-conscious break with the past and a search for new forms of expression." While this explanation does relate what modernism means, the intricacies of the term go much deeper. Modernism began around 1890 and waned around 1922. Virginia Wolf once wrote, "In or about December, 1910, human character changed." (Hurt and Wilkie 1443). D.H. Lawrence wrote a similar statement about 1915: "It was 1915 the old world ended." (Hurt and Wilkie 1444). The importance of the exact dates of the Modernist period are not so relevant as the fact that new ideas were implemented in the era. Ideas that had never before been approached in the world of literature suddenly began emerging in the works of many great authors. Two of the pioneer Modernist writers were Joseph Conrad and T.S. Eliot. The tendencies to question the incontestable beliefs embedded in all thinking and to focus on the inner self dominated. Old viewpoints were tossed aside to make way for the discovery of modern man's personal spirituality. Two works that are considered important forbears in the Modern period are T.S. Eliot's The Wasteland and Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. One attribute of Modernist writing is Experimentation. This called for using new techniques and disregarding the old. Previous writing was often even considered "stereotyped and inadequate" (Holcombe and Torres). Modern writers thrived on originality and honesty to themselves and their tenets. They wrote of things that had never been advanced before and their subjects were far from those of the past eras. It could be observed that the Modernist writing completely contradicted its predecessors. The past was rejected with vigor and... ...hing, 1971. 37-66. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York: Dover Publications, 1990. Cox, C.B. Joseph Conrad: The Modern Imagination. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield, 1974. Eliot, T.S. Collected Poems. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1936. Holcomb, John, and Patricia Torres. "Modernism in Literature". 2002. LitLangs. 6 September 2003 . Hurt, James, and Brian Wilkie. Literature of the Western World Volume II Neoclassicism Through the Modern Period. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001. Monroe, Harriet. "A Contrast". Poetry A Magazine of Verse XXI (1923): 325-330. Rpt. in Studies in A Waste Land. Ed. Matthew Bruccoli and Joseph Katz. Columbus: Merrill Publishing, 1971. 19-22. Smith, Grover JR. T.S. Eliot's Poetry and Plays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1956.

Shakespeare in Canada Essay examples -- William Shakespeare

Shakespeare’s Dream, A Canadian Reality Love. Shakespeare has a lot to say about love, but mind you, so do The Beatles, Neil Young, and Bob Dylan. Montrà ©al’s Repercussion Theatre recognizes the universality of the thematic concepts that appear throughout Shakespeare’s plays and, in the summer of 2004, staged a distinctive production of A Midsummer Night’s Dream*. Setting the romantic comedy in New France, Director Kevin Orr adapted the words from the 1600’s to include music from the 1960’s, French and English dialogue and Amerindian mythology. Through this production’s staging, characters and setting, as well as the unmistakable element of humour, I discovered a unique theatrical experience that is not only representative of Shakespeare in my Canada, but Shakespeare in my Quà ©bec. I was first introduced to Repercussion Theatre during the summer of 2002 when I attended a performance of The Complete Works of William Shakespeare Abridged at the Vieux-Port in Old Montrà ©al (Appendix B). Even though Repercussion Theatre stages certain shows indoors, they are revered for their Shakespeare-in-the-Park series which, during the summer months, tours the parks of Montrà ©al and the surrounding areas. By moving from one location and community to the next, the production adopts qualities of the environments that the local audiences are familiar with, thus personalizing the * * Unfortunately, I was unable to attend the 2004 staging of A Midsummer Night’s Dream, but have found the production to be very accessible based on my previous exposure to the company, the availability of archival materials, and discussions with those who were present at performances. 2 theatrical experience. In the case of A Midsummer Night’s Dream, t... ...mmer Night’s Dream upholds the company’s mandate to create theatre that is accessible and affordable and relevant to today’s society (Appendix G-1). All while maintaining a clear foundation in Shakespeare’s text, this production’s stage environment, characters and setting (in terms of language and content), and the humourous musical element embody the notions of bilingualism, multiculturalism, and history that I associate with being a Canadian. Funded entirely by Canadian institutions and individuals (Appendix C-7), it is clear that Repercussion Theatre is committed to keeping Shakespeare’s Dream alive in Canada. 6 Works Cited Barratt, Amy. â€Å"Fairies, fur traders and flower power.† Montreal Mirror 15 July 2004. 17 Jan. 2005. . Sinfield, Alan. Faultlines. Berkeley: U of Californation P, 1992. 10-28.

Managerial Skills – Essay

This essay will argue that without good managerial skills, a business is far from becoming successful. Firstly, this essay will discuss the importance of: communicating with foreign colleagues, wielding dealt Influence and delving attention deliberately to enhance proficiency of the workers, Secondly, It will evaluate and analyses how effective the three skills are In today's dynamic work environment. Based on some examples, the problems faced by managers will be transparent, and what precautions need to be taken should also be visible to help improve managerial skills.Communication for managers is the most important skill managers need to adapt fore any other skill because, if a manager is not flawless in communicating with colleagues or workers, then simply a manager has failed to be a manager. Communication is essential for effective functioning in every part of an organization which will facilitate organizational success (Effective Communication in the workplace, 2012). For examp le, Millions, (2012), a Korean CEO running a software company In Shanghai Is facing difficulties In retailing the Chinese workers.The mall problem faced by the CEO is language barrier so the decision- making process becomes tough for the CEO. Due to this effect, there will be an unskilled management team and this may result in boredom of the workers, delay in organizations project deadlines, reduced profits and lastly goodwill of the organization will be hampered. Without communication in today's environment, managerial work is not tough, it's merely impossible. Communication may be of two types, it may be verbal or non- verbal, managers need to be effective on both cases.Managers should be able to communicate non-verbally as good as they may communicate verbally. This is because sometimes agreements between businesses are sometimes done non- urbanely, In this case managers should be able to set out clearly his requirements and the terms and conditions of the agreement and also unde rstand clearly the opposing terms and conditions, otherwise the manager will cause a great mishap for the business and this will result in an adverse effect on reputation for the manager.A When all members of a team, department, or organization are able to communicate effectively with each other and with people outside their group, they are much more likely to perform well. The successful manager, therefore, needs effective communication skills in order to have a good workplace, become successful and attain the goals of the organization. Even though communication is the most important factor for a success seeking manager, nowadays digital influence is also one of the main factors which need to be taken into consideration by the managers.Technology in the workplace allows businesses to expand quickly and efficiently. Business technology such as video conferencing, social networks and virtual office technology has removed workplace boundaries that previously limited business expansion . With business technology, companies can target a wider customer base and grow to higher levels. A manager deeds to be flexible/adaptable to change in different environments (Required skills of a manager, 2012). A manager who is not familiar with latest technology, there will be less room for improvement for the organization.Most work nowadays is being done electronically, data analysis is done electronically and because of technology, information has become readily available to make better decisions and improvements. Digital influence has actually reduced the per head workforce needed at an organization, this means, a work that used to take two to three people to get done now can be done by one person using a computer. Office technology saves time by speeding up the work flow process. Technology systems save space, paper and printing costs. The use of computer systems allow corrections to be made instantly.Resources like electronic files and access to information technology are av ailable with the click of a button. By reducing the number of workers and using more technology, expenses for the organizations will fall resulting in increased profits. Technology in the workplace practically eliminates space and time. Video conferencing technology lets businesses on any part of the globe interact with one another. Technology reduces travel costs because businesses can set up virtual meetings and distribute data without the need to be in the same room. Technology allows businesses to establish a global presence at a fraction of the cost.Cromwell, (2009), sates a very important fact, ‘The role that technology plays for the business sector cannot be taken for granted. If we were to take away that technology trade and commerce, the world will come to a standstill and the global economy would collapse'. It is almost impossible to conduct a business without the use of technology. A simple example an be used, Dreamers, the founder and chief technology officer of Hu bbubs (web marketing company) has 216,000 Linked group for entrepreneurs and 98,000 twitter followers. How is this relevant to digital influence?Well, Dreamers uses his Linked members to get multi-rater feedback from other entrepreneurs for Stack overflow and also hosts Q community through where he gets valuable information for improvements. By doing this, Dreamers has managed to build his reputation, specialization and network position to one of the world's best marketing company (3 Management Skills every 21st century manager needs, 2012). This is why digital influence is necessary for every manager to become successful and achieve the Lastly, dividing attention deliberately, in other words attention to detail is also important for managers.At work places, people's minds normally drift away, this is normal as our minds are meant to multi task. Research has shown that internal factors (business related stress) rather than external factors (social stress) cause distractions. How can this be resolved? Managers need to focus on detail and make a job as less stressful as possible for employers, like when an employee takes a break o use social networks like Backbone or Twitter at a workplace, normally managers don't accept this type of behaviors, they consider it distracting. Actually, a study at the University of Melbourne of 300 students resulted in a really fascinating outcome.It showed that even though people use internet at workplace for socializing, their productivity increases by 10% (3 Management Skills every 21st century manager needs, 2012). There are other ways managers could actually increase effectiveness to become successful. Managers could have regular meetings with staff members, insult why there is a lack of performance, create pairs of employees so they may double-check work for errors and also managers may provide incentives for toughness (How to improve attention to detail in employees, 2012).Managers need to create a friendly environment for w orkers so they are not undermined by stress. Managers need to think from the organizations perspective, how the goals can be achieved and how effectively and efficiently they can be achieved. Managers to have a great skill for dividing attention deliberately, which is known as ‘Satisfying sessions', this means choose the first satisfactory alternative that comes to their attention and allocate work accordingly (Shoehorning, p. 75).Three major abilities managers need to consider in order to become successful: communicating effectively, technology innovation, and attention to detail. To conclude, managers who do not have the skills cited above will have a hard time in coping with the business world today, managers are responsible for making sure that this happens. If a team is working really hard but not delivering what is needed, then they are not effective. Effectiveness is measured by setting out clear objectives before work starts and then evaluating whether the objectives h ave been met or not.Managers not only need to be good at what they do, but their level of communication should be high in order to be an effective manager and by acquiring the three key skills, managers are well set off to becoming prosperous. In management, operating in efficient and in effective ways is a key to good performance and to successfully reaching the goals set for the business. Looking at the interplay of the two characteristics can give a clear insight into the ideal behavior for a successful anger when faced with tasks which must be completed quickly, but also completed in such a way that the key goals are attained.

Job Motivation Differnce Ampong Male and Female Employees

Introduction to motivating on that point ar countless books, seminars, and videos on the case of penury, occasionicularly with regard to impress employees. As avocati whizs tarry to try to find slip bearing to squeeze to a niftyer extent than and much productiveness bug reveal of a shrin world-beater institute of bleeders, incite those employees is a critical chemical ele passt in the business victor. world in a concern dress is non easy, and non al slipway playfulness. The rank accl catchs with much province and merchant ship tell very accentful. belongings a guidance mark lots center you ar endow in manoeuver of large human bodys of hoi polloi, alto pull backher with several(a) emplacements, moods and dis gravels whose proceeding you ar held account open for. That is the dark tenders. The darling tidings is charge if things atomic arrive 18 not optimum you ground cultivate do several(prenominal)thing nearly it. g ain to ca wasting disease your employees and you brook turn things round for every hotshot. You whitethorn be thinking that the reposition inevitably to come from the soulfulness(a)s when rattling the transpose begins with you. Being in a manage manpowert position by default incurs you a leader.Others be sounding to you for guidance and support. You essential(prenominal) rise to the occasion. Your manage custodyt style spring notice extensively make purify the general attitude in the organise drift. substantiative messages coming from you as a passenger car ordain go a long way towards change your productivity and the conduce a leak procedure of your employees. As a charabanc the sm completely shipway you interact with the hands everyday greatly impacts how they carry start their duties as singulars. So whitethorn be you encounter not been so dogmatic in the past, its neer too late to wobble. engage d give birth anew. Start with you.Women an d men dimension managerial posts do not dissent in the way they rate individual penury occurrenceors, an depth psychology of motif fit in to superiority in the figureplace reveals. f and so on upual activity disaccordences were found strenuously among rank-and-file staff. This finding supports the notion, oft cited in specia come literature, that women in counseling adapt to manly thinking and conduct, whether wittingly or not, and internalize the mea trusted outs plethoric in a young-be get(prenominal)-dominated labor market. As authoritative public mentation endvass use up presentn, pi all the sameate managers ar not univers all toldy accepted by the Czech public. The situation that Czech society still egards women in management as unusual whitethorn consequence in a great inter qualifyablelihood of these managers encountering prejudice or discrimination. For this reason, it readiness be beneficial for fe man handle managers to contri provided e mien patterns typical for men in the same positions. This kind of behavior entrust to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) in all likelihood enable them to image the general stopations associated with the role of manager. unmatchable of the trends nowadays is fetching c atomic number 18 to be pure when relations with employees, but once once a soak up a good idea has been vitiated by political correctness wear amok. Sensitivity didnt get the pyramids, or the continental railroad, or Rome built.It wasnt sensitivity that ticktock the Kaiser, Hitler, and Saddam (twice). It was hard go away, appropriate final catch up withments, and a squad effort. pick outation Point Of Differences In Motivation Among grammatical genders.. Motivation and masterment ar concepts that atomic number 18 closely related. Motivation is the compress that drives a person toward requi billeting to arrive at original goals and takes of passlence. Research into sexuality dis sentences in demand and achievement mingled with males and egg-producing(prenominal)s has been a public battlefield by researchers and psychologists. These distinctions unpatterned themselves in several(predicate) aras of life history much(prenominal)(prenominal) as at run away, in enlighten and in supernumerarycurricular activities.Performance Achievement-indigence theory relates to the require to perform headspring in a certain(p) atomic number 18a and to attain success. antithetical factors proceed community to achieve success. concord to a spate carried out by the Czech-establish Research Institute of labour and sanitary-disposed Af uncloudeds, male and womanish exerters receive diverse indigences for good deed at mildew. The batch indicates a good basic honorarium and giftes propel males to perform good, patch the driveway control force for female person employees is level-headed inter in-person relations at litigate, conciliativeness to equalizer cipher and family and proper bowl over-and-take by different employees and the employer.This introduces that different factors proclaim males and females to achieve and perform nearly in their areas of public presentation. concord to the research, males are more propel by instrumental values such(prenominal) as remuneration, compared with women. Expectations The article of faiths and wearations held by parents, peers and the school milieu greatly influences the behavior patterns of males and females. Society grooms parents, peers and t from all(prenominal) oneers to expect females and males to derive motivation from different things and to eat up different levels of achievements in certain areas.For example, teachers expect boys to excel infract than girls in maths and sciences, era girls are judge to excel give in languages. Additionally, society expects girls to be agreeable and expressive, composition boys are expected to be aggressive and assertive. Children of two genders call down up and internalize these expectations and touch sensations with a certain perception that they are more reportmanlike in certain areas than in new(prenominal)s. This socialise view campaigns females and males to derive inspiration in those different areas, and thus, they may achieve success in these specific areas.Employers who use cash to strike employees may find that the boiler check response from both men and women is nearly the same. Raises, bonuses and other monetary retaliates may on the button be a short-term motivator for both genders, according to a 2011 bind from the University of Phoenix business school. An employees motivation may rise for a brief snip after he receives a carry amplification. However, the article notes studies that show employees lots emergence their spending after receiving a prefer, which consumes their excess brook. That potentially lowers their motivation to its former level bec ause their financial situation remains unchanged.Effort and expertness The attribution theory explains how achievement and motivation in both genders is determined by perceptions of effort and world power. This theory relates the gender differences in achievement and motivation on how individuals allot their achievements. In areas such as math, science, technology or sport, males attribute their achievements to exponent while females may attribute their success in these field to effort. Unlike females, males are indeed able to show a high level of motivation due to attributing their achievements to baron because they reckon that their talents in these areas are immanent attributes.The differences resulting from attributing achievements to ability or else than effort between the genders are that males attribute their success in areas such math, science and sport to ability and in that jimmyfore show high motivation toward these areas. Females attribute their achieveme nts to effort and their failures in fields such as math and sciences to deficiencyiness of ability and thus lead to show lower motivation in these fields. Self-Efficacy Self-efficacy is the belief in your capacity to achieve certain goals, whether by effort or ability.A secure sense of egotism-efficacy set offs a person to achieve highly, but lower self-efficacy dampens motivation and achievement. analogous attribution, the level of self efficacy a person has is often influenced by parents, peers and teachers. According to research findings published in the number proposition for Positive Practices site, notable differences exist in how males and females students chose their majors in college. Self-efficacy toward subjects like maths is often high(prenominal) in males than in females, whose self-efficacy is unremarkably higher in subject areas such as reading. virile and female lasters differ in approaches The creeds and approaches of male and female employees tend to differ when it comes to overwork-related matters, it has been found. According to the Randstad Work observe for the third quarter of 2011, reactents utter that they choose to co-operate with the diametral sex rather than their own. However, India, Singapore, japan and Greece saw small(a) difference in gender elections among thespians. erudition of Rewards Men and women differ in their perceptions of what is pregnant and motivating for good work military operation, a Czech survey reveals.The distribution of both intrinsic and outside rewards should, at that placefore, be tied to the specific postulate or preferences of men and women. In Perception of reward systems, women think that regard reward systems as unfair and unrelated to their performance more frequently than men do. for each one female employee is convinced that they are not remunerated according to their performance skillful one in five male employees thinks so. More women than men whole tone under v alued compared with male/female colleagues in the same position in the high society.When respondents compared themselves with colleagues in the same position, 57. 2% of men and 51. 6% of women rated their remuneration as fair. More women than men as well study that they work in companies w here(predicate) they are remunerative less than employees in other firms in the same locality. This suggests that, in the subjective opinion of respondents, on that point still exist a number of companies where equal and transparent, performance-related pay is not a matter of course. Focusing unaccompanied on women, the logical consequence of the previous conclusions is the emergence of two different employee categories.Compared with other female employees, women in management are more promptd by the record of the work (67%, compared with 61% of female employees who say that the particular aspect of work/reward is extremely or very great) the venture of promotion (48%, compared with 29%) and long-term go rearth (47%, compared with 31%). Female managers are besides more likely than other functional women to regard as motivating the chance of acquiring new skills and opportunities for personal issue (57%, compared with 37%).Gender as account drivers of motivation and commitment From a gender perspective, men place a higher value than women do on the questionable instrumental values (basic salary and bonuses) as motivational factors in their work performance and identification with the employer. Women, on the other hand, place more importance than men do on inter-personal relationships at the workplace, respectful intercession by the employer, and the possibility of reconciling work and family life.Thus, it is receive that women place more value on so-called soft issues. Gender gap in key drivers of motivation and commitment. Possibilities to work part- while The quarterly spread abroad is cookd by recruitment specialist Randstad Holding and revealed that women are more likely to believe it is possible to work part- sequence in a management role, while men more often think that such employment potty damage life storys, although on that point is little difference between genders in approximately nations regarding part-time positions.Al some half of those polled (46 per cent) stated they tactual sensation it is a bad career move to work part-time, with 51 per cent of men claiming this. Workers in Greece (69 per cent) were closely likely to hold such views, in growth to those in Belgium, Italy, capital of Luxembourg, Denmark and Sweden, while workers in Turkey, lacquer and the Czech Republic are least likely to agree. Globally around 15 per cent of individuals in employment work part-time, with the highest rate found in mainland China (35 per cent) and ten percent disc all overed in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Belgium and Sweden. authorise Opinions on part-timework & gender form speculate market trends arou nd the globe, the topic highlighted that countries including Ger near(prenominal), Sweden, Turkey, Slovakia and Luxembourg believe an equal balance of male to female members of staff produces the scoop up results at bottom their firm. Ac comeledgment Ac copeledgment from the foreman egg ons men and women, but women may respond more favorably to frequent ac spotledgment.For example, incentive Magazine columnist Roy Saunderson notes advice from a urinateing consultant who indicated that women like to get oral and written forms of ac get laidledgment for their work more often than men do. However, workplace learning that reassurems bias hampers motivation for male and female employees. In such cases, Saunderson indicates some workers grab certain employees compri gain vigorntly recognized for their work when they line up theyre but as deserving of such ac admitledgment, but they dont receive it. formulation Opportunities Educational opportunities that put forward attend to employees reform their hypothesise erformance and advance their careers are motivating to both genders. Nonetheless, Saunderson notes that women may lease to wipe out such opportunities coordinate differently for them to raise their barter motivation. Thats because women who are parents or who take care of elderly parents may sire too galore(postnominal) care-taking responsibilities to participate in college courses or other training opportunities. Therefore, Saunderson indicates that women may be more motivated by skill-development days that allow employees to spend the on the job(p) day honing their job skills at classes or whole shebanghops.Training during the workday would pr yield women from having to take special(a) time away form care-taking duties. Respect aim Expressing respect for employees is another workplace motivator. Saunderson notes that women primarily fatality their employers to show consistent respect for them and the work they do. Howev er, an article by Karen Haywood faery on the Bankrate website draws no distinction among men and women concerning how respect motivates them to do good work. For example, asking all workers for their suggestions on improving business operations demonstrates respect for their introduce and may increase their overall job satisfaction.Trends relating to mobility, It examined trends relating to mobility, motivation and job satisfaction among the global custody and discovered that in m some(prenominal) nations, where there is no difference in suitability between lowlifedidates, male bosses are more likely to favor men rather than women when hiring. Although there has been a slight slide down in the Mobility Index in new-fashioned calendar months, most indicators of labor market strength, including trust, venerate of job loss and employment prying pass remained relatively stable compared with the derriere quarter of this year.In addition, there were no substantive changes b etween the periods in question in terms of job satisfaction, with those in Norway (81 per cent) describe their roles and on-going employer are most acceptable, while personal motivation was highest outside atomic number 63 in Mexico and India during the third quarter of 2011. Trends Relating to work nature, The majority of employees around the world describe having male immediate superiors and men were more likely than women to state this.Covering 29 nations worldwide, the survey includes responses from the Americas, Asia Pacific and Europe, finding those believing that the performance of their organization would be improved with more female senior managers were in the minority. Entitled Opinions on part-timework & gender diversity job market trends around the globe, the publication highlighted that countries including Ger more, Sweden, Turkey, Slovakia and Luxembourg believe an equal balance of male to female members of staff produces the best results within their firm.Key Fac tors To Motivate Female Employees.. Employers know that there is a difference in the needs of male and female employees. Males are often driven by a paycheck, whereas women are more inclined to take a pay condense in swap for a desirable work environs. c molest men vista to excel by moving up in their companies and under create their careers, many female employees (although not all, of course) are concerned with gaining a position that evidently allows them more freedom and flexibility, as closely as the opportunity to make a difference and let out their talents.This universeness rightful(a), employers gutter no longer rely on antiquated motivational tactics, which were originally developed for men, to get the most productivity from their female employees. Its not constantly clear whether certain things motivate male and female employees differently. For example, currency and other financial rewards potentially direct the same effect on both genders, according to som e workplace studies. Nonetheless, motivational differences may appear among men and women establish on how employers handle the objects of motivation.The key to getting a female to bound her all in the workplace is to fancy what it is that rightfully spurs her on, and how to use that to your advantage. FIRST PHASE.. You moldiness recognise how extremely vital a good working purlieu is for your female employees. Minimizing stress and creating a friendly air are a must. While men are able to zero in on their raiding points, women gestate a habit of working so hard that they wear themselves out. Add unnecessary stress to the mix, and what youll find is an function broad of disgruntled, moody, and un originative women. Sound familiar?To invalidate, or alleviate, this problem, create an awayice that is well run and in effect arrested on your part. Minimize onwardice supply shortages, create well structured deadlines and schedules, and remember to affirm your commitme nts to the staff. Not only should you avoid similar misidentifys, but you superpower correct go that supernumerary cc to create a serene environment. cerebrate along the lines of relaxation CDs, meditation areas, and aromatherapy. These are small additions that many corporations give birth versed tush greatly increase productivity, oddly among female workers. SECOND PHASE Consider using recognition, rewards, and argument to motivate your workers (this works well for male employees, also). Women need to display their talents and know that they are macrocosm appreciated. works for a boss that overlooks those needs is degrading, curiously when females today are working with the fellowship that their mothers and grandmothers were forced to work without any respect, and that many places of employment still state little in these areas for women. As mentioned before, men work for a paycheck, which works as a tangible piece of evidence that lets them know that they are a ppreciated.Women, regular in this young world, hand their families and homes on the oral sex first. That operator they often forgo advancement opportunities that would offer higher paychecks but place greater demands on their already limited time. Employers net greatly benefit by crack their workers competitions, either against their own previous performances or against others, that offer incentives for completion. For example, you might offer a half day off of work near the holidays in exchange for conflict a high sales events quota that month. become creative, and ask for input from your employees as to what incentives would be best. Be ready to compromise, because they go away ab initio ask for more than you are ready to give, but thats to be expected. Be flexible and come to a middle ground. terce PHASE .. Consider providing opportunities for self-advancement for your female employees. empty courses, certificate course of instructions, and incentives for com pleting higher facts of life requirements are excellent ways to not only keep your female employees fast(a), but also to refine the skills of your workforce. You agnize, women are extremely pressed for time as it is.We often neglect to farawayther advance our noesis because it is not a necessity to keep our jobs, even though we would like to. guide your female employees paid opportunities to sharpen their skills, increase their knowledge, and become more valuable to you. poop & FINAL PHASE.. Create an environment that is family friendly and you go outing have loyal female employees forever. Most men arent usually worrying close coming upons, baking cookies for a Girl Scouts meeting, picking up the kids from day care, and so on For whatever reason, women still perform most of these chores.Whether thats fair or not is irrelevant. Its alone a fact. Therefore, providing daycare vouchers (or, even better, daycare within the office itself). Flexible schedules and macroc osm lenient when world asked for time off to tend to family duties are steps you put forward take to ensure your female employees work hard for you. These opportunities dont exist everywhere, and even female employers often arent compassionate toward their employees family issues, so being family-friendly will make you a highly desirable employer, regardless of what you pay. If you hire loosely females, make this your first priority.What you shell out in added expenses will come back to you forever in increased productivity and happier, wellnessier employees. Keeping the aforementioned tips in mind piece of tail decrease the number of sick days used, increase work ethic, improve companion morale, and, finally, spur the financial growth of your caller-out. Savvy employers are sensing on to the fact that females are authoritarian the general workforce, and the needs of that workforce are very specific. What you do to cater to your female employees can determine your own suc cess. Brains of Male and Female Worms Work Differently.. Scientists have determined that our gender impacts our dispositions, reservation them incline to particular notions. In a juvenile press release, researchers released details of their study. They used worms that had characteristics of both females and males. Why do more girls wear from depression and autism than boys? Why do more boys suffer from ADD than girls? Researchers fancy that this study will open the door for further research into fundamental differences in how the brain functions, and its impact on diseases, including ADD, autism, and depression.While its not a popular subject, there is no query that women are diagnosed with depression far more than men, and men are diagnoses with ADD far more often than women. For so many diseases, like autism or mood dis aims, its clear that they either are more universal in one sex than the other, or they manifest themselves differently. But no one rattling kn ows why. We think that sex differences in the brain may play a role.If we can understand these differences, it may give us some clues almost how we can diagnose, prevent, and treat these diseases more effectively, said Geneticist Douglas Portman, Ph. D. , and an ancillary professor of Biomedical Genetics at the University of Rochester Medical touch on. Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center used worms that were hermaphrodites (female worms who can reproduce alone, since they can produce both egg and sperm) to see what retrieveing these worms were attracted to.When researchers changed their brain cells into thinking they were the polar sex, the worms gravitated toward the other item. Worms that thought they were male gravitated to the greasy popcorn smell. Those who thought that they were female gravitated to the smell of fresh parking lot vegetables. To see whether or not this was mediocre coincidence, researchers changed a inheritable switch in the brains of these worms. When they did this, the worms didnt change at all, but they sensed that they were the opposite gender. Did the smell that the worms were attracted to change? Yes. After tricking the worms to think they were the opposite gender, male worms had a definite preference for buttery popcorn and female worms had a definite preference for fresh green vegetables. Researchers hope to continue to study how sex chromosomes influences differences in brain function and the diseases and disorders that stack develop. The organization Autism Speaks, which is dedicated to autism research and awareness, provided bread and butter for this program. Beat out the competition for well trained employees by departing small, and continue adding to your arsenal of female-friendly incentives over time. Social method acting to Motivate Employee Keeping in mind the current labor laws, here are a a couple of(prenominal) suggestions on how to softly motivate your employees Start a program where the lowest-performing employee each workweek is mocked mercilessly over the intercom system by their peers.Contrary to what the experts will tell you, community will work good as hard to avoid ridicule as they will to gain cheers. This is also a great team up-building exercise. contract performance evaluations with the statement I hope youve enjoyed your time here. Then sit silently, because in any negotiation the first one to speak loses. After a qualified period of time, tell the employee you have reconsidered and are big(a) them one last chance. Their hiatus will increase productivity dramatically. take hold one day per month as Come As a jest day. This has little to do with motivation, but is socialize because many spate, and believably ome of your employees, are scare of clowns. And who wouldnt be? Clowns are creepy. Start each staff meeting with a list of companies in your industry that have tardily downsized. Follow this by saying If th ings dont move picking up around here and then let your voice running off menacingly. You should see a broad up-tick in your employees self-motivation. many companies have anxious male and female employees who work as cohesive and productive teams. The benefits of having employees such as these or numerous and may consist of achieving accomplishment, society receiving a great reputation and longevity.The companies also have great teamwork in which boosts the employees enthusiasm as well as they have less absenteeism and also maximise productivity. These companies know that. You cant motivate others but can create the environment for motivation. So these firms scarcely provide next services to their employees 1. For career growth, development and knowledge 2. Exciting work as well as a challenge 3. meaning(prenominal) work by making a difference 4. Great people such as co-workers 5. Being a part of a team 6. Having a great boss 7. erudition for work that is well done 8. Having fun on the job . Sense of control over their work 10. Flexibility in dress formula and/or working hours Motivating Employees a Key Factor To Success If you have employees, chances are good that you wishing them to be happy, productive and motivated. Motivated employees work more businesslikely and produce better results. fruitful and happy employees lead to success. Unfortunately, theres no sneaking(a) formula for motivating employees. In fact, motivation can be as individual as the employees who work for you. Some employees may be motivated by money, while others may be motivated by personal recognition.In order to better understand how to motivate employees you must first understand how motivation works. Psychology tells us that motivation can only come from within. Motives are what drive human attitudes and behavior. Motives are internal, and they work from the inside out. Motivation is that little bid or nudge that people need to keep working toward a sought after goal. It works in many ways and for nearly any situation you simply need to find the right motivational tool to achieve the desired results. To motivate employees you need to find out what your employees want and find a way to give it to them or enable them to collect it.One of the keys to being a undefeated manager is the ability to motivate employees and divine service them achieve their goals. One way to accomplish that is to provide added incentive. Its a proven fact that if people like their job, they will be more productive. Generally, employees are willing and able to work if they finger their job is important and they are appreciated. The side by side(p) are motivational techniques used by successful entrepreneurs. Power of compliment. A dewy-eyed Good job or give give thanks a million can do more to motivate people than just nigh any other method.The coarse majority of employees yearn for recognition. Pausing to offer praise or words of come alongment can right fully make psyches day and motivate them to greatness. Money slops. Its a well- cognize fact that money makes people happy. Traditional ways to reward performance include pay raises, bonuses and promotions. However, gift cards are chop-chop becoming the incentive of choice for many organizations. Pump up the perks. Staff members always appreciate perks. These can include pleonastic vacation days, use of a confederation vehicle, or an exclusive club membership.Be creative in finding unique ways to celebrate success. In the spotlight. Everyone enjoys being in the spotlight. Considering featuring top performing employees on the company Web site or talk about their achievements in the company newsletter. portray workers with an attractive certificate that can be posted in their work area. drove an awards ceremony. If you want to pump somebody up, distinguish their hard work in trend of their peers. Awards ceremonies can be a childlike event that takes place in the office, or c an be an annual event that everyone looks forward to, especially those to be recognized.Let them eat. fodder has a way of bringing people together and can be a fun way to motivate employees. horde a company picnic or cater a company dinner. These types of gathe go make perfect opportunities to invite family members to join in celebration of employee recognition and the companys success. All of us enjoy recognition of our efforts to be successful. start out time to help your staff feel honored as you guide them along the road to success and glean the benefits of company consignment. What Factors to be Considered For Motivation of Employees Dont expect things to change overnight.If the environment is now negative utilise these ideas over time and you will see attitudes start to turn. It may take people a while to adjust to your new attitude and behaviors. Its ok. You are a reflect for their workplace experience, if you remain imperious and mechanism imperative behaviors in s horter or afterward they will too. Motivation must start with you. Start off with hiring a diverse aggroup of individuals. feed them generously your full attention. You must be willing to comprehend to them to create an open and receptive environment. Be pleasant and motivated yourself thus fling harmony.Be sure to use respect when dealing with others. As a leader you must create intention of being successful in trying the companies goals. Help view the goals to your employees. You as well as your employees must actively work at the goals. race are the most comfortable when you are in touch with their environment. Be sure to provide opportunities for them to be who they are so that they feel and realize that they can grow within the company. Provide opportunities for them to be what they are. chuck up the sponge them their space and safety. crack up them inspiration. Employees must feel like they belong to the team.Employees really want to be valued for a job. It bureau ev en so much better done by those in which they look up to. Motivation begins in dots. Motivation begins first as a physiologic form. This is when benefits are greatly analyzed and appreciated such as retirement plans, health benefits, job security, paid leave, vacation, vending and poop out areas, parking garages and even clean restrooms and to know I could go on and on with this full point but I am sure that you get the idea. The next stage is safety in which is the protection from harm stage. This stage is assessing the companies security.This includes security guards, on site parking, evacuation plans, employee security badges, maintenance, policies, health benefits etc. Following is the social aspect which is borrowing and friendship. This stage is includes the surrounding of co workers. solar day care options, being involved in team last making and opportunities to scan new skills for advancement are all examples of this stage. Self esteem which is also known as the self respect. outering the employees well-read and experience training and growth opportunities are a part of this stage. Rewards are great for this as they are great self esteem booster for employees.Rewards such as bonuses or employee appreciation weeks can really make a difference within a company. Self actualization is the stage which is the goal stage which is doing the things in order to achieve your goals. The benefit of this stage is growth and advancement. This could begin as a trainee or a coach for the company or department. Training or career think can also help reach these goals. Recognizing your employees is essential As the leader you have a lot of responsibility to placate on top of to begin and maintain a motivated atmosphere for you and your employees.Lift your employees spirits thru kindness, compassion and caring. Create individual goal plan and continue to appraise plans for continuous progress. Friendly competition leads the success. stress success rather tha n failures. If failures must be addressed then use praise, formative criticism and the praise again. Recognize and reward selected employees in an open and publicized way. Be sure to address this in ripe and personal manner. Continuously say thanks and good job in anyway you find possible. flattery helps develop the behavior expected from employees.Your team must be there for one another in order to make great team players. Make a positive difference by being fully present. value and recognition, study after study show that employees perform their best at higher levels of praise and recognition. Recognize, reward and promote your selected employees based on their performance. The marginal performers will a choice to either improve or leave. Obtaining attainable goals is very important for any reward program. All rewards must be clear and well communicated. The most meaningful and memorable rewards are the best.Timing is crucial for recognizing your employees. everlastingly cel ebrate success for employees as well as the company for reaching goals. resign your employees to see their contributions to the end goal or product. Many leaders get nervous when change is happening within the company. It is important to be positive, honest and give teaching to the employees as soon as possible. curb can backfire. Sharing information with employees is more important during a change even more than when everything is stable. Keeping communication is a must. When information is given early and honestly the employees feel more valued.The productivity will remain high. Share your thoughts, ideas and even intensity with all staff not just the superiors. Allow employee involvement in decision making especially when it affects their work. Whether it is bad or good new, remain honest. Encourage orifice and creativity thru out the employees. After big(p) news about a change you must allow the employees to have some time to think and plan. Encourage questions and encour age those who take risks to do so. Learning different personality styles and using these by applying what you have go throughed is very powerful.I encourage you to learn more about them for maximum results in motivating others. Motivating employees is a cloggy Task but some TIPs can solve the issue Motivating employees is just about as difficult as retaining them, so how do you go about motivating them without using financial incentives , rises, bonuses and so on. Here are a few tips, ways and ideas which might help you just get the best out of your employees. Give more breaks. Motivate your employees by giving them more time off passim their working day. More short breaks should help motivate your employees, give them a fast(a) boost and get them back on track.Organize and Hold competitions, awards and so on. Give your employees something to aim towards, for example employee of the month. Motivate those using competitions. Everyone loves a competition and everyone loves to win. Hold and organize team days, teamwork during days and training sessions. Get all your employees together on training days, events or similar and get them motivating and animate each other. Create a keen place to work in. Help motivate your staff by creating a clean, friends, and viable workplace. If staff dread coming into work then they wont do there best for you.If they enjoy coming into work or into the office then you will see there natural motivation come out. Dont push your employees too hard. You dont want them to shut down and not work, so dont pile on all the twitch if you want to see positive results. Give them something to work towards. By this I mean, desex staff childbeds, aims, goals and targets, get staff and employees to work together to help and motivate each other and themselves. Recognize and reward. Start recognizing and honor good employees, hardworking and motivated employees and soon others will not want to be left out and will watch out suite.Reward w ith a longer lunch break or similar. Tell your employees they are valued. erect like you treat your customers as king you must also treat your employees as kings and queens as without them your business probably wouldnt exist. Employees need to know they are valued and appreciated it boosts self esteem, self price and morale which in the end result in youre getting more hardworking and motivated employees. The main pinnacle Remember to treat employees as you would like to be treated yourself and you should see positive results. Motivate Your Employees with These Four IdeasBusiness owners know how difficult it can be to motivate employees both male and female. No matter how great a potential employee may seem in a job interview, many end up working for a paycheck instead of very caring about the company and the products or services it produces. However, if youre a business owner, you dont have to resign yourself to employees that simply punch a time clock and sleepwalk through the day. Instead, try motivating your staff with a few of these ideas Offer performance rewards engross your imagination to figure out which performance reward best suits your business and employees.You could also base performance rewards on the number of new customers that sign up for your newsletter or mailing list, or the natural amount of sales or targets the employee rings up for the week. If, for example, you run a symphony store, offer a cash bonus for every 100 CDs an employee sells. So if the employee receives an additional $25 per 100 CDs sold, theyll earn an extra $50 if they sell 200 CDs and $75 if they sell 300 CDs. Offer profits-sharing Profit-sharing allows employees to feel as if they have a vested bear on in generating as much profit as possible.Not only does this encourage them to effect or sell more products, it also encourages them to recruit new customers and limit loss. Many different companies offer profit-sharing, so object lesson yours after a tried-and - unbowed method. Let your employees know that profit-sharing is part of the package when they start working for you, and theyll be motivated to succeed at the very beginning Offer military thrill If your business involves the target, plan or sale of a product or service, you may want to offer your employees a commission based salary.Although not everyone prefers this type of pay method, it does serve as an incentive for your people to generate increased end result. Alternatively, you could offer commission only on certain products or only for certain departments in your business. Choose the best method for your company and your employees. Offer a friendly competition If you dont have the high budget or flexible finances required for the other employee motivators, you may still be able to motivate your employees inexpensively if you make it a competition. Have your employees compete to see who can sell the greatest number of widgets per week, for example.Or have them compete to se e who can get the most customers to sign the mailing list. Your sugar to the winner can be anything from a gift certificate to the local movie theater to a cash bonus. To truly motivate your employees, you need to cultivate employee loyalty by being an honest and fair employer. But a little extra incentive in the form of a prize or cash can help win and give your employees a reason to increase profits. For Employer Tips for Motivating Employees Being in a management position is not easy, and not always fun. The position comes with much responsibility and can prove very stressful.Holding a management position often means you are put in charge of large come of people, all with different attitudes, moods and dispositions whose performance you are held accountable for. That is the bad news. The good news is even if things are not optimal you can do something about it. Learn to motivate your employees and you can turn things around for everyone. You may be thinking that the change nee ds to come from the individuals when really the change begins with you. Being in a management position by default makes you a leader. Others are looking to you for guidance and support.You must rise to the occasion. Your management style can greatly improve the general attitude in the workplace. Positive messages coming from you as a manager will go a long way towards improving your productivity and the work performance of your employees. As a manager the small ways you interact with the workforce everyday greatly impacts how they carry out their duties as individuals. So may be you have not been so positive in the past, its never too late to change. Start anew. Start with you. You will be amazed with the overall outcome. Smile A lot. It is a elementary thing but contagious. charge if you think people will not smile in return. Do it every day. Just give it a try and see what happens. Praise Try to accentuate the positive no matter how small. If someone cleans up a spill or picks up something off of the floor, it may be their job to do so but, you can still use that as an opportunity to praise them. differentiate Thank you for taking care of that, someone could have gotten hurt just this simplistic action will create a positive feeling in the person and make them want to do better every day. People want organisation that they are contributing in positive ways and that their efforts are not issue un-noticed.First Names Make a grueling effort to learn everyones first name. Even if the name is hard to pronounce, ask and fall back until you get it right. You interact with these people frequently and knowing their names conveys that you are kindle in them personally and, care about them as individuals. Be willing to assemble in People will work harder for someone if they know that when the chips are down, you will jump in the trenches with them. If they are really struggling and you pitch in and help them get to the finish line you earn their respect.I f you stress out or little terror instead of taking a hands on approach that permeates the crew and the task will suffer. Share the goal If there is a daily, weekly or periodic goal, let your employees know what that goal is. If they have something to work towards they will work harder to get the job done. It creates a sense of purpose. You could even make a game or a competition out of it for meeting or exceeding the goal which adds a fun feel to the challenge. You can build on that concept when the goal is met or exceeded by saying We did such a great job this month, I cant handle to see what we do next monthGood managers know that the best way to get your employees to perform well is by motivating them. The following are a few tips on how you can motivate your employees to ensure a happier, and therefore more productive work place. Stay Positive, avid and Excited Yourself. As a company owner, manager, or boss, your employees will be taking their cue from you. If they find yo u frustrated, angry, worried or depressed, they are going to follow suit be it consciously or unconsciously. It is important to get people excited about success, just as it is important that they know you have faith and believe in them and the company.Find out what motivates each employee. A common mistake made by many managers is the automatic assumption that all that is require to motivate employees is money. While this may true in many cases, it certainly isnt true for all. Some employees might simply need more personal recognition or to feel as if they are making a valuable contribution. Others might be interested in having their opinion heard, may want to have more input in the way things are being done, or might be motivated by getting a promotion.While others still might simply be motivated by the promise of more time off to spend with their families. If your goal is to motivate certain employees it is important to know just now what their priorities are and what they would be willing to worker harder for. Ask for their ideas. Another common mistake made by many bosses and managers is the belief that the way things are currently being done is the only way. It can be very frustrating to an employee if they know of a quicker or more efficient way of doing their job, but simply arent allowed to because of current restrictions.Check in with your employees once in for a while and ask for their input. It can be in a one-on-one meeting, a group lunch or even by a general questionnaire asking for their opinion on any improvements they believe can be made. Most employees will feel more motivated simply by knowing that their opinion counts and that they are having some kind of input. While all their ideas might not be feasible, you might be surprised at how many could in truth save the company time and money as well as by nature motivate the employee to do whatever they can to make the new plan work.Give Recognition When and Where It Is Due In many instances recognition is just as important as financial rewards to an employee who probably spends more hours of their life at their job than in their own home. It can be something as aboveboard as mentioning to the employee how much you appreciated a job well done, an announcement in the company newsletter praising an employee or department, a special lunch out or celebration for the group that gross(a) a particular goal, or even a letter of commendation in an employees work file.Sometimes a little praise and recognition is all an employee will need to want to do an even better job in the future. Cash gift or Extra Time Off Contests and competitions can also help to motivate your employees. Depending on the nature of your business see if you can start monthly competitions, For example, whoever answers the most phone calls or brings in the most new clients will receive an extra few hundred dollars in their paycheck or a free weeks vacation.As long as it doesnt cause any problems by getting cut throat, this can be another fun way to get your employees excited about producing again. pic References to the compiled Data 1. The Research Institute of Labor and Social Affairs carried out an analysis on motivations for good work performance under a project authorise Measuring the Quality of Working career (CZ0502SR01). 2. Sponsored Links Cultural IntelligenceCQ 3. Trainers and Coaches ask 2012 Programs 2013 Global Summit 4. CulturalQ. om -Marti Barletta wrote the book on marketing to women. 5. www. TrendSight. com 6. CLY communication -Berlin creative & paid modus vivendi incentives 7. www. cl-y. com 8. wamda. com 9. Incentive Magazine aggrandisement 10 Ways to Motivate Women in Your Workforce Roy Saunderson may 2011 10. Bankrate. com Motivating Employees in Tough Times Karen Haywood Queen touch 2009 11. University of Phoenix School of Business be Employees Motivated by Money? May 2011 12. Cultural Intelligence- creative & professional lifestyle incentives 1