Theories of Psychological Care in Nursing

Theories of Psychological Cargon in treatThe best definition of psycho complaisant c ar is found in the National Council for Hospice and specialist (2000) which describe it as concerned with the mental and emotional well upbeing of the patient roles and their families/c arrs, including issues of ego-esteem, penetration into an adaption to their illness and its consequences, chat, assentingible functioning and relationships. Psychosocial care theory differs from theory of bio health check care in that the former uses the holistic approach (Sheldon, 1997 and Oliviere et al, 1998) or the diseases, mental science, social and spiritual health of patients whereas the latter care only for patients physiologic ill-health. Further more than, the biomedical model predicts poorer health outcome, psychological di prove and poorer daily function, more age spent in bed, and more health master copys visit and surgeries (Sheridan Radmacher, 1992). Keywords employ leave be defined t o facilitate looking.The theory of psychosocial care has the following comp iodinnts firstly, psychology deals with the way the patients use their conscious and subconscious (Freud) is dealt with their emotions, which is their feeling fine tuned end-to-end their lifespan development, to be aware of their different moods. Then their self-esteem, the patients perceived their self- expenditure, grade themselves, gravitas and self combine (Barry, 1992 Niven, 2006), should be respected, hence, make them more assured and themselves. Scherer (2005) referred to emotion and self-esteem as behaviour forming strategies andEmotions are intensified feelings or complex patterns of feelings that one experience when the patients found themselves in a nameless environment, vainglorious their intimate information to peck they just met moments ago. Nursing professional should respect patients as a soul by so doing lead make them feel more confident in themselves or top their self-esteem. Therefore, self-esteem is ones feelings regarding the patients self-worth, values oneself, shows self respect or self assumption Scherer (Barry, 1992 Niven, 2006). (2005) referred to emotion and self-esteem as part of cognition or psyche. The cognitive approach is to let the patient talk about his feelings as or so that we do is controlled by our unconscious mind, we hand to listen carefully to what the patient is saying (Freud). Moreover, we should ensure that information being given by the wet-nurses is unsounded by the person (Smith et al, 2003). We should praise the patient if he has done something good.The patients social environment is important for their care as the breast feeding professionals must understand the supporting mechanism they have and those that needs to be put into place. In doing so one has to understand their need for equality and sensitivity that are required to care for patients from different ethnic and cultural background. The family being a compone nt of the social jigsaw and it is important to involve them as farseeing as the patients have given their fancy. One has to be aware of confidentiality when public lecture about the patients information even to family. Research has shown that the involvement of families/carers greatly advance the psychological aspect of the patients rehabilitation (to put references). Social class over again research has shown that patients coming from social class 3 access medical help faster than those living in social class 1. Therefore, this ordain affect their healing process if they are staying in an overcrowded and damp or living alone and have no family support. If they are staying in a rough area of the Borough therefore they are afraid to go out. Their polish is important as it is their core values and touch sensations they have within their society. environment is important to know if they are staying near a busy and rackety road. Their religion is important especially when it c omes to food. The psychological and social aspects of the patients are one of the two elements in psychosocial care. Spiritual health refers to the possession of a belief in some unifying force that gives purpose or meaning to life or to a sense of belonging to a end of existence greater than merely personal, is a nonher dimension of psychosocial care.The treat convention is based on warmth, acceptance, genuineness and empathy and by moving our focus onward from the illness to that of the patients (Baughan Smith, 2008), not for frig aroundting to maintain privacy and dignity whilst talking to the patients (Faulkner, 2000) by getting the patients consent and their confidential preserved. Talking, caring, listening and supporting patients are qualities that nursing needs in forming good relationships with patients. Nurses should provide care that is focused on patients and tailored to their individual needs. Words like trusts, empathy, listening and compassion jumpstart to mind . Nursing uses therapeutic comforting touching with confidence, not denying patients information, discussing the puzzle in a clear and understanding manner, being honest and have empathy not sympathy are useful in additionls to enhance the nursing practice. Subsequently, through therapeutic communication (Peplau, 1952) it built trust and confidence between the nursing professionals and the patients. Moreover, without the straightlaced use of therapeutic communication, which is achieved through touch, silence and humor (where appropriate), listening to their narratives, not being judgemental, being considerate, respect their confidentiality and dignity as a person are important skills. The patients are able to reveal intimate inside information of their psychological and social health which inform the nursing professionals of better ship bumal to support the patients towards the road to long lasting reco rattling. Therefore, Allen voiced the opinion of Wright (2004) too posh to wash that bad communication limits the extent that psychosocial care drive out be effectively given to patients.This will be achieved by exploitation therapeutic communication (Peplau, 1952) through explaining clearly what is being done, touching, silence and humour and listening carefully to what the patients are saying without interaction and being judgmental. Furthermore, they call to be given the right information when needed, not in jargons only if in an understandable language. This is the platform from which one so-and-so use to get the correct information from the patients.Caring can be defined as involving concern, empathy and expertise making things better for others and is based on compassion (Smith, 1992 Eriksson, 1994 cited by Barry, 1994 Niven, 2006)). In view of the caring nature of the nursing professionals the patients are unforced to (offered) information that they will not do so to other people (including their families/carers)into their confidence therefore could have intimate knowledge than other medical professionals whitethorn not be able to tease out. This is possible by listening attentively to what the patients are saying without interruptions, to emphatise () with theIn return the patients yield that they are given the right information at the right judgment of conviction in a way that they understood. Their self esteem is ones feeling regarding their self worth, values oneself, show self respect or self confidence (Barry, 1992 Niven, 2006). It can be improved through group support, forming realistic expectations, maintaining bodily health, examining business and seeking help e.g. limit smoking and alcohol.Empowerment ranged from giving patients information and helping them to understand, cope with and take control of their disease to psychological support them, rapport-building, reassurance, empathy and promoting self-esteem.The points raised so far is giving the reader a theoretical view of the way psychosocial aspect of care is relevant to nursing practiceStress and coping are concepts that will be used as reference to bring theory into practice observed whilst on the ward. Stress is defined as an interaction between an event in a persons life which is perceived as placing considerable demands on him and their reaction to coping with it. Therefore, the transactional model (Lazarus Folkman, 1984) of stress and coping is appropriate to further gallop the stress being felt by the patient. A transactional model of stress is when a patient is confronted with, does that event donation any threat to him at the time, and if not then he does not perceive the event as stressful. However, if it does whether he experiences stress will depend on his secondary approximation and if he has the necessary re radicals, such as personal, social, financial support and/or hardiness is sufficient to allow him to cope effectively with the stressor. Moreover, he may not perceive himself to have sufficient resources av ailable to deal with the problem and as result he will experience a chemical reaction that one would refer to as a stress response.It will also relate the concept to nursing practiceSelf-efficacy according to Bandura () is when the patients believe that they can successfully connect with and execute a specific behaviourX, a 65years old Caucasian male, married with two children, was admitted to hospital suffering with excruating group AB pain. He has been diagnosed a week ago with lung cancer due to his soggy smoking, 15 cigarettes a day, increased to more than 20 after the oddment of his wife. His children said that he X constantly said that he wants to go and meet his wife wherever she might be. He is not take in properly and recently has been drinking heavily. He has low self-esteem and sometimes cries. Whilst helping him to shower daily the nurse was able get more information, he does not want to go a hospice or a care home like his children are saying. He wants to stay and go away in his family home. Moreover, apart from his children he does not have any relatives staying goal by. He is afraid of dyingTherefore, he is not caring for himself and not eating properly. was admitted to the ward after he was diagnosed with advanced lung cancer. Psychosocial care states that the patients psychological and social factors are taken into consideration when assessing them. The ward is busy though Wright (2004) stated that nurses are too busy to talk to their patient, it is not the gaucherie here each patient is treated as an individual and they are listened to without being judgemental. Moreover, the opinions of the patients families/carers are listened to and information is shared with them after getting the consent of the patients due to confidentiality legislation. Mr. XLists of ReferencesAllen D. (2009) Nurses are only effective as their communication skills. Nursing Standard. 23 (28) 28-29.Baer P.E., Garmezy L.B. McLaughlin R.J., Pokorny A.D. and Wernic k M.J. (1987). Stress, Coping, Family Conflict, and Adolescent Alcohol Use. Journal of Behavioural medication 10, 5, Pages 449 -466.Bandura A. (1978). Reflections on Self-Efficacy. Advances in Behavioural Research and Therapy 1, Pages 237-269.Bandura A. Locke E.A. (2003). Negative Self-efficacy and Goal do Revisited. Journal of Applied psychological science. 88, 1, Pages 87-99.Barry P.D. (1996). Psychosocial Nursing like of Physically Ill perseverings their families. (3rd Edition) Philadelphia Lippincott-Raven publishers.Colder C.R. (2001). invigoration Stress, Physiological and Subjective Indexes of Negative Emotionality, and Coping Reasons for Drinking Is there show for a Self-Medication Model of Alchol Use? Psychology of Addictive Behaviours. 15, 3, Pages 237-245.Faulkner A. (2000), Effective interaction with Patients. capital of the United Kingdom Churchill Livingstone.National Council for Hospice and Specialist (2000). What do we mean by psychosocial? capital of the Un ited Kingdom March 2000 Briefing No. 4.Niven N. (2006). The Psychology of Nursing Care (2nd Edition) London Palgrave MacMillan.Oliviere D., Hargreaves R., Monroe B. (1998) Good Practices in Palliative Care A psychosocial perspective. Aldershot Ashgate Publishing Ltd.Scherer K.R. (2005). What are emotions? And how can they be measured. Social Science Information. 44 (4) 695-729.Sheldon F. (1997) Psychosocial Palliative Care Good Practice in the care of the dying and bereaved. Cheltenham Stanley Thornes (Publishing) Ltd.Sheridan C.L. Radmacher S.A. (1992) Health Psychology Challenging the Biomedical Model. Chichester WileySmith A. (2009) Exploring the legitimacy of intuition as a form of nursing knowledge. Nursing Standard. 23 (40) 35-40.Smith P. (1992). The Emotional elbow grease of Nursing. Basingstoke The MacMillan Press Ltd.Summers L.C. (2002) Mutual Timing An essential Component of Provider/Patient Communication. Journal of American Academy of Nurse Practitioner. 14(1) 19-25.Wi lson V. (2004). Supporting Family carers in the confederation setting. Nursing Standard. 18, 29, Pages 47-53.Smith said that intuition is a valuable source of knowledge though it could be difficult to put into words as there is little empirical evidenceSelf-esteem refers to ones sense of self-respect or self-confidence. It is how much one likes oneself and values ones own personal worth as an individual.Self-esteem can be improved in several(prenominal) ways Support groups Completing required tasks Forming realistic expectations, Taking/making time for you Maintaining physical health Examining problems and seeking helpExternal influences are those factors that we do not control, such as who raised us.The family influences include family upbringing.Healthy, nurturing families invoke more well-adjusted adults.Dysfunctional families may produce confused adults who have a harder time adapting to life.Influences of the greater environment include safety, access to health services and programs, and socioeconomic status.Internal factors include hereditary traits, hormonal functioning, physical health status, physical fitness, and other selected elements of mental and emotional health(Definition) It can be improved through support group, forming realistic expectations, maintaining physical health, examining problem and seeking help limit smoking and alcohol.He was assessed by the nurse after he gave his consent whereby information about his past and present illness, demographic and his activity of daily living was recorded on the sound judgment form. The nurse recorded the reading of his vital signs such as pulse, respiratory, temperature, O2 and heart, taking the vital signs at all time Mr. X dignity was not abused. Patients records are confidential information and can only be access by the nursing and medical professionals working with the specific patients.Respondents found it very hard to cope with watching their partners suffering, and not knowing how to dea l with it. In this situation the nurses role should include giving information and educating patients and partners, as well as offering support. Information should be accessible throughout the rowing of the illness, and needs to cover physical and emotional issues (Northouse and Peters-Golden, 1993).Self-efficacy Learned helplessness is a response to continued bombure where people give up and fail to take action to help themselves.