AIDS Epidemic Increase And African Countries Economies Essay Example for Free

AIDS Epidemic Increase And African Countries Economies EssayThe countries of the developing realness most seriously affected by AIDS and so far are in sub-Saharan Africa. Accordingly, much of the social research on AIDS in the developing world is concerned with Africa, as is much of the research reviewed in this chapter. But many of the manner patterns described and the conclusions reached apply elsewhere.AIDS is primarily a sexu solelyy transmitted disease, and the escalating epidemics in the developing world are principally the result of sexual encounters with an infected partner. In all countries AIDS is also transmitted by the use of contaminated needles in intravenous drug injections, by blood transfusions of infected blood, and perinatally from infected mothers to their unborn children. But sexual transmission is everywhere the predominant mode, and, internationally, heterosexual transmission accounts for almost 70 percent of all new AIDS cases (Mann et al. 199233).I n the regions of Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa, one of three different modes of sexual transmission of the AIDS virus predominatesalthough all modes occur with some frequency in all three regions. In Asia, prostitution plays the key role in Latin America, homosexual and bisexual behavior and in Africa, heterosexual transmission.The majority of African countries are experiencing a serious scotch crisis. That crisis, though showing signs of moderation in some countries, has resulted in schooling eluding most of the others, with far-reaching negative consequences on their populaces. When there is no training, there is hopelessness and where there is hopelessness, there is no effort to work toward development. The circle becomes stand in and reinforcing.Unfortunately, in most of Africa, the economic crisis has made life an endless series of vicious circles that are now spreading economic suffering in a concentrated fashion. The economic crisis in Africa represents a hi storical tragedy, and the historical evidence now suggests that such a crisis need not have occurred. Despite some views to the contrary, the overwhelming opinion is that this economic crisis is primarily the inevitable outcome of the failure of postindependence development policy formulation and implementation in the majority of the African countries.In most of Africa, postindependence development policy was formulated through a statist ideological framework, which was then implemented by experimentation. Moreover, some, if not all, of the countries had to contend with an adverse international economic environment.That combination produced disastrous results. Among other things, poverty and socioeconomic inequalities increased, the external debt burden became heavier, the brain drain intensified, capital flight deepened, the balance of payments weakened, the physical infrastructure deteriorated, unemployment and offensive activity escalated, famine and malnutrition became more pro nounced, budget deficits soared, agricultural productivity declined, urbanization burgeoned, environmental degradation expanded, political and civil strife worsened, and corruption became more rampant.These disastrous development results were, in turn, the catalyst behind the deepening economic crisis in Africa, and consequently provided the imperative for policy reform in those countries. Policy reform can be defined as changes in government policy, institutional structure, or administrative procedures that are designed to alter economic activity and improve performance (Roemer and Radelet 1991). tramp more succinctly, it is policy change, across the board, to effect sustained economic progress that will lead to a more desirable economic outcome than modern practice permits.