Chpt 24

Chpt 24 guide questions 1. To what extent was industrial enterprise responsible for the savage conditions of the cities in the early 19th cytosine? The Industrial Revolution was the musical passage to new manufacturing processes that occurred in the period from about 1760 to sometime among 1820 and 1840. It was causing carelessness in the city and lead to more(prenominal) and dusty taint from all the work which was required to be put in. This transition include going from hand pay mangle methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes which had led to this happening. . Who was Edwin Chadwick? What role did he play in the public wellness movement? Edwin Chadwick was an English social re traffic patterner, noted for his work to reform the poor people Laws and improve sanitary conditions and public health. He helped sanitize the areas and basically quarter them a lot cleaner and just plainly better to stretch forth in at the time. For he did not feel that sanitation was a big joke. Sanitization was clearly Chadwicks main focus at the time. 3. What was the miasmatic theory of complaint? How did it retard progress?The miasmic theory of disease was a theory that disease was caused by corky odors. it prevented the proper intercession of disease and scientific and aesculapian phylogenesis in the right direction. It did though lead to shorter not harder process of such with many problems coming form it. The miasmic theory would not in truth much be considered a failure in way though. 4. What contri notwithstandingions did Pasteur, Koch, and lister plow make to briospan in urban Europe? Pasteurs theory that germs caused disease helped the advancement of medical sciences and led to the breakthrough of vaccines.Koch helped discover the organism that caused disease and it helped create vaccines. Lister helped develop the idea of cleaning wounds. All these contributions lead to progress in Europe. 5. What were the reasons for the rebuilding of Paris? Who was responsible for this change? After the revolutions of 1848, Paris was alter into a spectacle city. The urban planning of Haussmann greatly contributed to the developmental planning of Paris. The development of newly planned streets, parks and sewage systems helped to create a more efficient and advanced city.This lead too many rebuilding induct to happen in Europe at this time which could be considered very well. 6. Why was the electric streetcar so important in amend urban life? Electric steel cars are a self-powered rail in vehicle which runs on tracks along public urban streets and also sometimes on separate rights of way. Electric streetcars revolutionized urban life and enabled the cities to expand because they allowed for alacritous and more efficient travel and sparked new revolutions in technology. 7.Marx claimed that as a result of industrialization there was an increasing polarization of society Into affluent and poor. Do the facts wa rrant such a conclusion? Marxs ideas that industrialization caused a greater increase in the gap between the affluent and the poor was correct because the jobs available for the poor required little skill, bad conditions and had little pay. It spread the gap between the two trendes because it allowed for the upper classifyes to be favored over the lower classes and for them to manipulate the income of money in their favor. 8.Describe the differences and similarities between groups within the middle class. What uncaring and what united them? The middle class was separated into the bourgeoisie, hard workings business owners with money, potentially land and potentially governmental power, and the working middle class who had trades and more money than peasants but didnt devote land or political power and less money than the bourgeoisie. They were united by the need to overthrow the monarchists and the absolutist rulers and separated by the bourgeoisies power and money and the l ower middle classs occupation with food. . Describe the labor aristocracy. What were the interests of its members? How did they differ from the rest of the working class? The labor aristocracy was a group of talented workers that had strong moral, political and ohilisophical beliefs and were the leaders of the working class. They were all very focused on bring home the bacon Europe and becoming very successful with all their working times. 10. What were the interests, motives, and life-style of the working class? How were they changing by the late ordinal century?The working class was focused on feeding their family and leisure activities. It changed throughout the 19th century because many working class people began to pass up away from the church and become less focused on religion. The ideas of life were vey much chinaging at this time. 11. Why was there a decline in bastardy after 1850? There was a decline in illegitimacy after 1850 because the working class became more st able. Families began to develop more and more and there was more stinting stability so marriage was a more viable situation. 12. M 3. How common was prostitution in the ordinal century? Prostitution was frowned upon on the surface but was very common for men because they married later in life. It was very secret because it was disrespectable but it was extremely common. people would b eer be looked at the same way if they were to ever act in such of a messed up way. 14. What was the social and economic position of women in the 19th century? Were they better off than in preindustrial society? Women were put into the home to be a wife and a mother, and nothing else.It was frowned upon for them to be anything other than that, i. e. to have an actual career. If women did work, it was lower class women and they worked in harsh conditions like factories. In the cities, they were often worse off than in preindustrialized Europe because the jobs in rural areas were safer and more open to women, whereas in the cities job opportunities were slim to none. 15. what changes occurred in child care and the attitudes toward children in the nineteenth century? What was the nineteenth-century view of masturbation?Children and parents became much closer and they began to connect, partly due to the decreasing birth rate, which was because of the disappearance of the need for children to work. Childrens education and raising became much more important. Often, children were smothered, especially in the case of sexual nature. withdrawal method was a fear of parents and was highly frowned upon. 16. Overall, did family life improve in the nineteenth century? Explain. For some, yes and for others no. For the lower class it didnt improve because the lifespan conditions because of factory work were so poor.For middle and upper class families life improved because they became economically stable and could support, educate and provide for their family. 17. What was the realist movemen t in literature? Who were the major writers of this movement, and how did they differ from previous writers? Realism stressed that purlieu and heredity determined human behavior. They believed in pictorial laws and they wrote about natural and taboo subjects. Major writers were Zola, Balzac and Flaubert in France and MaryAnn Evans in Britain, Tolstoy in Russia and Dreiser in America. Theyre genetic material was different from that of other writers.